Department of Psychology.
Psychol Assess. 2019 Jul;31(7):905-912. doi: 10.1037/pas0000712. Epub 2019 Mar 14.
The alternative model of personality disorder in the (5th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), Section III, "Emerging Measures and Models," includes both personality dysfunction and pathological-range traits. However, the nature of personality dysfunction and its relation to pathological-range traits needs further explication. In existing measures, the personality constructs of traits and functioning are highly overlapping. For example, a joint factor analysis of a large set of such measures found 5 factors, 2 of which were composed of both trait and functioning scales (Clark & Ro, 2014); however, the basis for this comingling remains unclear. In this research, we explored whether the comingling was at least partly due to similarity in the scales' item content. Specifically, we examined the affective, behavioral, and cognitive (ABC) composition of 212 items, each of which was rated by subsets of 7 judges. Results indicated that personality trait and functioning scales that load on a common factor have ABC profiles that are similar to each other but distinct from those of scales loading on other factors. These results suggest that combined trait-and-functioning factors emerge partly because of similarities in their scales' item content, despite the fact that the constructs they were intended to assess are theoretically distinct. Thus, ABC profiles may represent basic characteristics of empirical trait-and-functioning factors, suggesting that our conceptualization and/or measurement of these constructs need revision. Drawing from classic trait theory, we suggest that traits and functioning may be complementary rather than distinct. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
人格障碍的替代模型在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册（第五版）》（美国精神病学协会，2013 年）第三部分“新兴的测量和模型”中，包括人格功能障碍和病理性范围特征。然而，人格功能障碍的性质及其与病理性范围特征的关系需要进一步阐述。在现有的测量工具中，特质和功能的人格结构高度重叠。例如，对大量此类测量工具的联合因素分析发现了 5 个因素，其中 2 个因素由特质和功能量表组成（Clark & Ro，2014）；然而，这种混合的基础尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们探讨了这种混合是否至少部分是由于量表项目内容的相似性。具体来说，我们检查了 212 个项目的情感、行为和认知（ABC）组成，每个项目都由 7 个评判小组中的一部分进行评分。结果表明，加载在共同因素上的人格特质和功能量表具有相似但又不同于其他因素加载量表的 ABC 特征。这些结果表明，共同的特质和功能因素的出现部分是由于它们的量表项目内容的相似性，尽管它们旨在评估的结构在理论上是不同的。因此，ABC 特征可能代表经验特质和功能因素的基本特征，这表明我们对这些结构的概念化和/或测量需要修正。借鉴经典的特质理论，我们认为特质和功能可能是互补的，而不是相互独立的。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
