Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 May 1;126(5):1272-1280. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01089.2017. Epub 2019 Mar 14.
We examined the influence of recent menopause and aerobic exercise training in women on myocardial perfusion, left ventricular (LV) dimension, and function. Two groups ( = 14 each) of healthy late premenopausal (50.2 ± 2.1 yr) and recent postmenopausal (54.2 ± 2.8 yr) women underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) at baseline and after 12 wk of high-intensity aerobic training. Measurements included LV morphology, systolic function, and myocardial perfusion at rest and during an adenosine stress test. At baseline, resting myocardial perfusion was lower in the postmenopausal than the premenopausal group (77 ± 3 vs. 89 ± 3 ml·100 g·min; = 0.01), while adenosine-induced myocardial perfusion was not different ( = 0.81). After exercise training, resting myocardial perfusion was lower in both groups (66 ± 2; = 0.002 vs. 81 ± 3 ml·100 g·min; = 0.03). The adenosine-induced change in myocardial perfusion was lower in the groups combined (by 402 ± 17 ml·100 g·min; = 0.02), and the adenosine-induced increase in heart rate was 10 ± 2 beats/min lower ( < 0.0001) in both groups after training. Normalization of myocardial perfusion using an estimate of cardiac work eliminated the differences in perfusion between the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups and the effect of training. Left ventricle mass was higher in both groups ( = 0.03; = 0.006), whereas LV end-diastolic ( = 0.02) and stroke ( = 0.045) volumes were higher in the postmenopausal group after training. Twelve weeks of exercise training increased left ventricle mass and lowered resting and adenosine-induced myocardial perfusion, an effect that was likely related to cardiac work. The current data also suggest that the early menopausal transition has limited impact on cardiac function and structure. This study provides for the first time estimates of myocardial perfusion in late premenopausal and recent postmenopausal women before and after a period of intense aerobic training. Resting myocardial perfusion was lower in postmenopausal than premenopausal women. Training lowered myocardial resting and stress perfusion in both groups, an effect that was likely influenced by the lower heart rate.
我们研究了近期绝经和有氧运动训练对女性心肌灌注、左心室（LV）大小和功能的影响。两组健康的晚绝经前期（50.2±2.1 岁）和近期绝经后（54.2±2.8 岁）女性各 14 人，在基线时和高强度有氧运动训练 12 周后进行心脏磁共振成像（cMRI）检查。测量包括 LV 形态、收缩功能和静息及腺苷应激试验时的心肌灌注。基线时，绝经后组静息心肌灌注低于绝经前期组（77±3 比 89±3ml·100g·min； = 0.01），而腺苷诱导的心肌灌注无差异（ = 0.81）。运动训练后，两组静息心肌灌注均降低（分别为 66±2； = 0.002 比 81±3ml·100g·min； = 0.03）。两组联合的腺苷诱导心肌灌注变化减少（减少 402±17ml·100g·min； = 0.02），训练后两组的腺苷诱导心率增加减少 10±2 次/分（ < 0.0001）。使用心脏工作量估计值对心肌灌注进行归一化消除了绝经前期和绝经后组之间的灌注差异以及训练的影响。两组左心室质量均升高（ = 0.03； = 0.006），而训练后绝经后组的 LV 舒张末期（ = 0.02）和收缩末期（ = 0.045）容积升高。12 周的运动训练增加了左心室质量，降低了静息和腺苷诱导的心肌灌注，这种效应可能与心脏工作量有关。目前的数据还表明，早期绝经过渡对心脏功能和结构的影响有限。本研究首次提供了绝经前期后期和绝经后早期女性在剧烈有氧运动训练前后的心肌灌注估计值。绝经后女性的静息心肌灌注低于绝经前女性。训练降低了两组的静息和应激心肌灌注，这种效应可能受到心率降低的影响。
