Ning Chun You, He Meng Nan, Tang Qian Zi, Zhu Qing, Li Ming Zhou, Li Di Yan
Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Yi Chuan. 2019 Mar 20;41(3):215-233. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.18-317.
Mammalian genomic DNA in the cell nucleus doesn't exist in linear form but is highly folded and condensed into chromatin with a three-dimensional (3D) structure possessing a specific spatial structure and conformation. Hi-C, the high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technology, was first published in 2009, and it provides an in-depth view of 3D genomics. According to the size of DNA unit, the 3D hierarchical units of mammalian genome can be categorized sequentially as chromosome territory (CT), chromatin compartment A/B, topological associated domain (TAD), and chromatin loop. These hierarchical structural units play vital roles in gene transcription and regulation. In this review, we summarize the 3D hierarchical division of chromosomes, the effects of hierarchical units and the applications of Hi-C technology in development and disease. This review is intended to provide insights for the further study of 3D genomics in mammals.
细胞核中的哺乳动物基因组DNA并非以线性形式存在，而是高度折叠并浓缩成具有特定空间结构和构象的三维（3D）结构的染色质。高通量染色体构象捕获技术Hi-C于2009年首次发表，它为3D基因组学提供了深入的视角。根据DNA单元的大小，哺乳动物基因组的3D层次单元可依次分为染色体区域（CT）、染色质区室A/B、拓扑相关结构域（TAD）和染色质环。这些层次结构单元在基因转录和调控中起着至关重要的作用。在本综述中，我们总结了染色体的3D层次划分、层次单元的作用以及Hi-C技术在发育和疾病中的应用。本综述旨在为进一步研究哺乳动物的3D基因组学提供见解。
