Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Jun 6;14:1196123. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196123. eCollection 2023.
Three-dimensional (3D) genomics is an emerging field of research that investigates the relationship between gene regulatory function and the spatial structure of chromatin. Chromatin folding can be studied using chromosome conformation capture (3C) technology and 3C-based derivative sequencing technologies, including chromosome conformation capture-on-chip (4C), chromosome conformation capture carbon copy (5C), and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), which allow scientists to capture 3D conformations from a single site to the entire genome. A comprehensive analysis of the relationships between various regulatory components and gene function also requires the integration of multi-omics data such as genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics. 3D genome folding is involved in immune cell differentiation, activation, and dysfunction and participates in a wide range of diseases, including autoimmune diseases. We describe hierarchical 3D chromatin organization in this review and conclude with characteristics of C-techniques and multi-omics applications of the 3D genome. In addition, we describe the relationship between 3D genome structure and the differentiation and maturation of immune cells and address how changes in chromosome folding contribute to autoimmune diseases.
三维（3D）基因组学是一个新兴的研究领域，研究基因调控功能与染色质空间结构之间的关系。使用染色体构象捕获（3C）技术和基于 3C 的衍生测序技术，如芯片上的染色体构象捕获（4C）、染色体构象捕获碳拷贝（5C）和高通量染色体构象捕获（Hi-C），可以研究染色质折叠，这些技术可以从单个位点捕获整个基因组的 3D 构象。为了全面分析各种调控元件与基因功能之间的关系，还需要整合基因组学、转录组学和表观基因组学等多组学数据。3D 基因组折叠参与免疫细胞的分化、激活和功能障碍，并参与多种疾病，包括自身免疫性疾病。本文描述了 3D 染色质组织的层次结构，并总结了 C 技术的特点和 3D 基因组的多组学应用。此外，本文还描述了 3D 基因组结构与免疫细胞分化和成熟的关系，并探讨了染色体折叠的变化如何导致自身免疫性疾病。
