Bertucci Juan Ignacio, Blanco Ayelén Melisa, Sundarrajan Lakshminarasimhan, Rajeswari Jithine Jayakumar, Velasco Cristina, Unniappan Suraj
Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Laboratorio de Fisioloxìa Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Feb 28;10:83. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00083. eCollection 2019.
Endocrine factors regulate food intake and growth, two interlinked physiological processes critical for the proper development of organisms. Somatic growth is mainly regulated by growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) that act on target tissues, including muscle, and bones. Peptidyl hormones produced from the brain and peripheral tissues regulate feeding to meet metabolic demands. The GH-IGF system and hormones regulating appetite are regulated by both internal (indicating the metabolic status of the organism) and external (environmental) signals. Among the external signals, the most notable are diet availability and diet composition. Macronutrients and micronutrients act on several hormone-producing tissues to regulate the synthesis and secretion of appetite-regulating hormones and hormones of the GH-IGF system, eventually modulating growth and food intake. A comprehensive understanding of how nutrients regulate hormones is essential to design diet formulations that better modulate endogenous factors for the benefit of aquaculture to increase yield. This review will discuss the current knowledge on nutritional regulation of hormones modulating growth and food intake in fish.
内分泌因子调节食物摄入和生长，这两个相互关联的生理过程对生物体的正常发育至关重要。体细胞生长主要受生长激素（GH）以及胰岛素样生长因子I和II（IGF-I和IGF-II）调节，这些因子作用于包括肌肉和骨骼在内的靶组织。大脑和外周组织产生的肽类激素调节进食以满足代谢需求。GH-IGF系统和调节食欲的激素受内部（指示生物体的代谢状态）和外部（环境）信号的调节。在外部信号中，最显著的是食物供应和饮食组成。大量营养素和微量营养素作用于多个激素产生组织，以调节食欲调节激素和GH-IGF系统激素的合成与分泌，最终调节生长和食物摄入。全面了解营养素如何调节激素对于设计饮食配方至关重要，这些配方能更好地调节内源性因子，以利于水产养殖提高产量。本综述将讨论目前关于鱼类中调节生长和食物摄入的激素的营养调节的知识。
