Camarço Nathalia F, Sousa Neto Ivo V, Nascimento Dahan C, Almeida Jeeser A, Vieira Denis C L, Rosa Thiago S, Pereira Guilherme B, Prestes Jonato
Department of Physical Education, Graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil.
Department of Physical Education, University Center of Federal District, Brasília, Brazil.
J Clin Transl Res. 2016 Jun 19;2(2):63-69. eCollection 2016 Jun 20.
Rapid weight loss (RWL) is extensively practiced by combat sports athletes, including Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), but its effects on performance are not well established with different magnitudes of RWL, including those higher than 5% of total body weight. The aim of the present study was to follow MMA athletes during RWL with subsequent weight regain to evaluate the responses of isometric strength, power, cognition and salivary nitrite ( ) content.
Two professional male MMA fighters, same age, competing in the same weight category underwent two magnitudes of RWL before a simulated competition period. Anthropometric measures, records of nutritional status, training, voluntary dehydration strategies, salivary samples, cognition response, isometric strength and muscular power were obtained: (I) 7 days before combat, (II) at the weigh-in moment, and (III) in the combat day.
Athlete 1 lost 7.2 kg (9.1% of total bodyweight) and Athlete 2 lost 4.0 kg (5.3% of total bodyweight). Athlete 1 had a lower and misbalanced caloric ingestion (708 ± 428 kcal), ingested 6 L of water during the first 5 days of RWL, underwent 2 days of fasting, water and sodium restriction before weigh-in. Athlete 2 was supervised by a nutritionist, had a balanced diet (1600 ± 0 kcal), ingested 2 L of water during the first 6 days of RWL, underwent only 1 day of fasting and water restriction, and did not restrict sodium. As expected, there was a negative effect of RWL in the evaluated parameters at the weigh-in moment, while in the combat day, salivary ) content.
Two professional male MMA fighters, same age, competing in the same weight category underwent two magnitudes of RWL before a simulated competition period. Anthropometric measures, records of nutritional status, training, voluntary dehydration strategies, salivary samples, cognition response, isometric strength and muscular power were obtained: (I) 7 days before combat, (II) at the weigh-in moment, and (III) in the combat day.
Athlete 1 lost 7.2 kg (9.1% of total bodyweight) and Athlete 2 lost 4.0 kg (5.3% of total bodyweight). Athlete 1 had a lower and misbalanced caloric ingestion (708 ± 428 kcal), ingested 6 L of water during the first 5 days of RWL, underwent 2 days of fasting, water and sodium restriction before weigh-in. Athlete 2 was supervised by a nutritionist, had a balanced diet (1600 ± 0 kcal), ingested 2 L of water during the first 6 days of RWL, underwent only 1 day of fasting and water restriction, and did not restrict sodium. As expected, there was a negative effect of RWL in the evaluated parameters at the weigh-in moment, while in the combat day, salivary was not completely reestablished at baseline levels (decreased by 35.9% in Athlete 1 and, 25.2% in Athlete 2, as compared with 7 days before). The athlete who underwent a lower weight loss (5.3%) presented better recovery of cognition and upper limbs power on the combat day as compared with the athlete who lost 9.1% of body weight. Although we cannot precisely conclude, this case report led us to believe that the recovery period between weigh-in and competition may be insufficient for total reestablishment of salivary after RWL, and higher amounts of RWLhave negative impacts on average power and cognition when compared with lower RWL.: Scientific aspects related with performance in MMA athletes brought to light the absence of studies investigating the recovery of isometric strength, power, cognition and salivary during RWL with subsequent weight regain. This study revealed that athletes from the same categories can adopt different magnitudes of weight loss, and that this procedure impacts several important measures, for example, the reduction of salivary is associated with the lower O transport capacity, decreasing muscle performance.
包括综合格斗（MMA）在内的格斗运动运动员广泛采用快速减重（RWL）方法，但其对运动表现的影响在不同程度的RWL（包括超过总体重5%的情况）下尚未明确。本研究的目的是在MMA运动员快速减重并随后恢复体重的过程中进行跟踪，以评估等长力量、功率、认知和唾液亚硝酸盐（ ）含量的反应。
两名同龄、参加同一体重级别的职业男性MMA格斗选手在模拟比赛期前进行了两种程度的快速减重。获取了人体测量指标、营养状况记录、训练情况、自主脱水策略、唾液样本、认知反应、等长力量和肌肉功率：（I）比赛前7天，（II）称重时，以及（III）比赛当天。
运动员1减重7.2千克（占总体重的9.1%），运动员2减重4.0千克（占总体重的5.3%）。运动员1的热量摄入较低且不均衡（708±428千卡），在快速减重的前5天摄入了6升水，在称重前经历了2天禁食、限制水和钠的摄入。运动员2由营养师监督，饮食均衡（1600±0千卡），在快速减重的前6天摄入了2升水，仅经历了1天禁食和限制水的摄入，且未限制钠的摄入。正如预期的那样，在称重时，快速减重对评估参数有负面影响，而在比赛当天，唾液 含量未完全恢复到基线水平（与7天前相比，运动员1下降了35.9%，运动员2下降了25.2%）。与减重9.1%体重的运动员相比，减重幅度较低（5.3%）的运动员在比赛当天认知和上肢力量的恢复情况更好。尽管我们不能确切得出结论，但该病例报告使我们相信，称重与比赛之间的恢复期可能不足以使快速减重后唾液 完全恢复，与较低程度的快速减重相比，较高程度的快速减重对平均功率和认知有负面影响。：与MMA运动员表现相关的科学方面揭示了缺乏关于快速减重并随后恢复体重过程中等长力量、功率、认知和唾液 恢复情况的研究。本研究表明，同一级别的运动员可以采用不同程度的减重方法，且该过程会影响多项重要指标，例如，唾液 的减少与较低的氧运输能力相关，从而降低肌肉表现。
