Matthews Joseph John, Nicholas Ceri
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2017 Apr;27(2):122-129. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0174. Epub 2016 Oct 6.
There is a lack of research documenting the weight-making practices of mixed-martial-arts (MMA) competitors. The purpose of the investigation was to quantify the magnitude and identify the methods of rapid weight loss (RWL) and rapid weight gain (RWG) in MMA athletes preparing for competition. Seven athletes (mean ± SD, age 24.6 ± 3.5 yrs, body mass 69.9 ± 5.7 kg, competitive experience 3.1 ± 2.2 yrs) participated in a repeated-measures design. Measures of dietary intake, urinary hydration status, and body mass were recorded in the week preceding competition. Body mass decreased significantly (p < .0005) from baseline by 5.6 ± 1.4 kg (8 ± 1.8%). During the RWG period (32 ± 1 hr) body mass increased significantly (p < .001) by 7.4 ± 2.8 kg (11.7 ± 4.7%), exceeding RWL. Mean energy and carbohydrate intake were 3176 ± 482 kcal・day and 471 ± 124 g・day, respectively. At the official weigh-in 57% of athletes were dehydrated (1033 ± 19 mOsmol・kg) and the remaining 43% were severely dehydrated (1267 ± 47 mOsmol・kg). Athletes reported using harmful dehydration-based RWL strategies, including sauna (43%) and training in plastic suits (43%). Results demonstrated RWG greater than RWL, this is a novel finding and may be attributable to the 32 hr duration from weigh-in till competition. The observed magnitude of RWL and strategies used are comparable to those which have previously resulted in fatalities. Rule changes which make RWL impractical should be implemented with immediate effect to ensure the health, safety and wellbeing of competitors.
目前缺乏关于综合格斗（MMA）选手降体重和增体重做法的研究记录。本调查的目的是量化MMA运动员在备战比赛时快速减重（RWL）和快速增重（RWG）的幅度，并确定其方法。七名运动员（均值±标准差，年龄24.6±3.5岁，体重69.9±5.7千克，比赛经验3.1±2.2年）参与了重复测量设计。在比赛前一周记录饮食摄入量、尿液水合状态和体重。体重从基线显著下降（p<.0005）5.6±1.4千克（8±1.8%）。在快速增重期（32±1小时），体重显著增加（p<.001）7.4±2.8千克（11.7±4.7%），超过了快速减重。平均能量和碳水化合物摄入量分别为3176±482千卡·天和471±124克·天。在官方称重时，57%的运动员脱水（1033±19毫摩尔·千克），其余43%严重脱水（1267±47毫摩尔·千克）。运动员报告使用了有害的基于脱水的快速减重策略，包括桑拿（43%）和穿塑料服训练（43%）。结果表明快速增重超过快速减重，这是一个新发现，可能归因于从称重到比赛的32小时时长。观察到的快速减重幅度和所使用的策略与之前导致死亡的情况相当。应立即实施使快速减重不可行的规则变更，以确保选手的健康、安全和福祉。
