Abiodun Olumide, Ladele Akindele, Olu-Abiodun Oluwatosin, Ashipa Temitope
Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan, Nigeria.
Center for Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sagamu, Nigeria.
Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2019 Mar 16;33(5):/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0287/ijamh-2018-0287.xml. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0287.
The burden of hypertension is rising both globally and in Africa specifically. We determined the prevalence of hypertension and the risk factors for clinical hypertension in a population of new university intakes over a 4-year period.
We analyzed retrospectively, the records of 6980 older adolescents (15-19 years). We used population-specific metrics to categorize blood pressure (BP) based on the 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
The overall prevalence of high BP in our study was 25.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24.1-26.2] for elevated BP, 19.8% (95% CI 18.9-20.8) for stage 1 hypertension, and 5.5% (95% CI 5.0-6.1) for stage 2 hypertension. The prevalence of stage 2 hypertension was 8.7% (7.5-9.5) among the male participants and 3.2% (95% CI 2.7-3.2) among the female participants (p < 0.001). The multivariate analyses demonstrated an increased risk of high levels of BP (p < 0.001) with age (1.21: 95% CI 1.16-1.26), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (1.05: 95% CI 1.04-1.05), z-score for body mass index (BMI) (1.47: 95% CI 1.41-1.54), and hemoglobin concentration (1.10: 95% CI 1.09-1.12). It demonstrated a reduced risk of high levels of BP (p < 0.001) being female (0.35: 95% CI 0.32-0.39).
Hypertension, its risk factors and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in later life are prevalent in our Nigerian adolescent population. There is, therefore, a need for the development, evaluation and implementation of context-appropriate strategies and interventions to mitigate the risk of hypertension among adolescents, and cardiovascular diseases later in life.
高血压的负担在全球范围内尤其是在非洲正在上升。我们确定了新入学大学生群体在4年期间高血压的患病率以及临床高血压的危险因素。
我们回顾性分析了6980名年龄较大的青少年（15 - 19岁）的记录。我们根据美国儿科学会2017年临床实践指南，使用特定人群指标对血压（BP）进行分类。
在我们的研究中，血压升高的总体患病率为25.1%[95%置信区间（CI）24.1 - 26.2]，1级高血压为19.8%（95%CI 18.9 - 20.8），2级高血压为5.5%（95%CI 5.0 - 6.1）。男性参与者中2级高血压的患病率为8.7%（7.5 - 9.5），女性参与者中为3.2%（95%CI 2.7 - 3.2）（p < 0.001）。多变量分析表明，随着年龄（1.21：95%CI 1.16 - 1.26）、腰高比（WHtR）（1.05：95%CI 1.04 - 1.05）、体重指数（BMI）的z评分（1.47：95%CI 1.41 - 1.54）以及血红蛋白浓度（1.10：95%CI 1.09 - 1.12）的增加，血压升高的风险增加（p < 0.001）。分析表明女性患高血压的风险降低（p < 0.001）（0.35：95%CI 0.32 - 0.39）。
在我们的尼日利亚青少年人群中，高血压、其危险因素以及晚年患心血管疾病的风险很普遍。因此，需要制定、评估和实施适合当地情况的策略和干预措施，以降低青少年患高血压的风险以及晚年患心血管疾病的风险。
