Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2019 Aug;57:56-62. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.025. Epub 2019 Mar 12.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion, the hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen, can influence cellular processes in many ways. However, the molecular mechanisms of ROS action in cells are still poorly understood. As such, we need to develop tools that can better elucidate ROS behavior in the dynamic environment of a cell. Optogenetics provides one approach to this end. Using a genetically encoded protein-encased photosensitizer, one could produce a given ROS with a controllable yield in a specific intracellular domain or compartment. A palette of ROS sensitizing protein derivatives has emerged and, in this review, we use information gleaned from recent studies to discuss properties that define a 'good' singlet oxygen photosensitizing protein.
活性氧（ROS），如超氧阴离子、羟自由基和单线态氧，能够以多种方式影响细胞过程。然而，ROS 在细胞中作用的分子机制仍知之甚少。因此，我们需要开发能够更好地阐明细胞动态环境中 ROS 行为的工具。光遗传学为此提供了一种方法。通过使用一种遗传编码的蛋白包裹的光敏剂，可以在特定的细胞内区域或隔室中以可控的产率产生特定的 ROS。已经出现了一系列 ROS 敏化蛋白衍生物，在这篇综述中，我们利用最近的研究中获得的信息来讨论定义“良好”的单线态氧光敏化蛋白的特性。
