Liu Jinyun, Long Jiawei, Du Sen, Sun Bai, Zhu Shuguang, Li Jinjin
Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication, Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 Mar 15;9(3):441. doi: 10.3390/nano9030441.
Among many types of batteries, Li-ion and Li-S batteries have been of great interest because of their high energy density, low self-discharge, and non-memory effect, among other aspects. Emerging applications require batteries with higher performance factors, such as capacity and cycling life, which have motivated many research efforts on constructing high-performance anode and cathode materials. Herein, recent research about cathode materials are particularly focused on. Low electron and ion conductivities and poor electrode stability remain great challenges. Three-dimensional (3D) porous nanostructures commonly exhibit unique properties, such as good Li⁺ ion diffusion, short electron transfer pathway, robust mechanical strength, and sufficient space for volume change accommodation during charge/discharge, which make them promising for high-performance cathodes in batteries. A comprehensive summary about some cutting-edge investigations of Li-ion and Li-S battery cathodes is presented. As demonstrative examples, LiCoO₂, LiMn₂O₄, LiFePO₄, V₂O₅, and LiNiCoMnO₂ in pristine and modified forms with a 3D porous structure for Li-ion batteries are introduced, with a particular focus on their preparation methods. Additionally, S loaded on 3D scaffolds for Li-S batteries is discussed. In addition, the main challenges and potential directions for next generation cathodes have been indicated, which would be beneficial to researchers and engineers developing high-performance electrodes for advanced secondary batteries.
在众多类型的电池中，锂离子电池和锂硫电池因其高能量密度、低自放电率和无记忆效应等诸多优点而备受关注。新兴应用需要具有更高性能指标的电池，如容量和循环寿命，这促使人们在构建高性能阳极和阴极材料方面展开了大量研究工作。在此，本文特别聚焦于近期关于阴极材料的研究。低电子和离子电导率以及较差的电极稳定性仍然是巨大的挑战。三维（3D）多孔纳米结构通常展现出独特的性能，如良好的锂离子扩散、短的电子转移路径、强大的机械强度以及在充电/放电过程中足够的空间来容纳体积变化，这使得它们有望用于高性能电池阴极。本文对锂离子电池和锂硫电池阴极的一些前沿研究进行了全面总结。作为示例，介绍了具有三维多孔结构的原始和改性形式的LiCoO₂、LiMn₂O₄、LiFePO₄、V₂O₅和LiNiCoMnO₂用于锂离子电池，特别关注它们的制备方法。此外，还讨论了用于锂硫电池的负载在三维支架上的硫。此外，还指出了下一代阴极面临的主要挑战和潜在发展方向，这将有助于研究人员和工程师开发用于先进二次电池的高性能电极。
