School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K.
Biosci Rep. 2019 May 7;39(5). doi: 10.1042/BSR20182006. Print 2019 May 31.
(budding yeast) and (fission yeast) are two of the most recognised and well-studied model systems for epigenetic regulation and the inheritance of chromatin states. Their silent loci serve as a proxy for heterochromatic chromatin in higher eukaryotes, and as such both species have provided a wealth of information on the mechanisms behind the establishment and maintenance of epigenetic states, not only in yeast, but in higher eukaryotes. This review focuses specifically on the role of histone modifications in governing telomeric silencing in and centromeric silencing in as examples of genetic loci that exemplify epigenetic inheritance. We discuss the recent advancements that for the first time provide a mechanistic understanding of how heterochromatin, dictated by histone modifications specifically, is preserved during S-phase. We also discuss the current state of our understanding of yeast nucleosome dynamics during DNA replication, an essential component in delineating the contribution of histone modifications to epigenetic inheritance.
（芽殖酵母）和（裂殖酵母）是两种最受认可和研究最多的表观遗传调控和染色质状态遗传模型系统。它们的沉默基因座可以作为真核生物异染色质染色质的代表，因此这两个物种不仅为酵母，而且为真核生物中表观遗传状态建立和维持的机制提供了丰富的信息。本综述特别关注组蛋白修饰在调控 端粒沉默和 着丝粒沉默中的作用，这些基因座是体现表观遗传遗传的遗传基因座的例子。我们讨论了最近的进展，这些进展首次提供了对组蛋白修饰特异地决定的异染色质如何在 S 期得到保存的机制理解。我们还讨论了我们目前对酵母核小体动力学在 DNA 复制过程中的理解，这是描述组蛋白修饰对表观遗传遗传贡献的一个重要组成部分。
