The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, USA.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2019 Jul;58(1):56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Mar 13.
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVES: We sought to characterize patterns of social support types (i.e., emotional, informational, appraisal, and instrumental) within the caregiver/spouse, family, and spiritual/religious contexts for patients diagnosed with cancer.
Focus groups were conducted with mixed groups of patients with cancer and caregiver/family members at a Midwestern comprehensive cancer center. Participants completed brief demographic questionnaires. Focus groups were moderated using semistructured interviews. The 90-minute discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and uploaded into NVivo for analysis using a deductive approach based on four social support types and the constant comparative method.
Four focus groups were conducted (n = 25). The average age was 58.4 years (SD = 15.1, range 26.0-76.0). Patient participants reported different malignancy types, including breast, gynecologic, skin, oral, and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Participants acknowledged changes within their social network across the cancer journey. Overall, the caregiver/spouse fulfilled all types of social support. Spirituality/religion was often discussed as a form of appraisal social support. Fellow survivors were sources of informational support. Across groups, nondirective/emotional support was most frequently mentioned.
Cancer is a unique experience, and understanding the importance of social support, including types of social support needed from different contexts to best meet the needs of the patient, may promote optimal, patient-centered care across the cancer trajectory.
背景/目的：我们试图描述癌症患者在照顾者/配偶、家庭和精神/宗教背景下的社会支持类型（即情感、信息、评价和工具）模式。
在中西部综合癌症中心，对混合组的癌症患者和照顾者/家庭成员进行了焦点小组讨论。参与者完成了简短的人口统计问卷。使用半结构化访谈对焦点小组进行了主持。90 分钟的讨论被录音、转录，并上传到 NVivo 中，使用基于四种社会支持类型和恒定性比较方法的演绎方法进行分析。
进行了 4 个焦点小组（n=25）。平均年龄为 58.4 岁（SD=15.1，范围 26.0-76.0）。患者参与者报告了不同的恶性肿瘤类型，包括乳腺癌、妇科、皮肤、口腔和非霍奇金淋巴瘤。参与者承认在癌症治疗过程中他们的社交网络发生了变化。总的来说，照顾者/配偶满足了所有类型的社会支持。精神/宗教经常被作为一种评价性社会支持来讨论。同病相怜的幸存者是信息支持的来源。在所有群体中，非指导性/情感支持是最常被提到的。
癌症是一种独特的经历，了解社会支持的重要性，包括从不同背景获得的社会支持类型，以满足患者的需求，可能会促进癌症治疗过程中的最佳、以患者为中心的护理。
