Zimmer Ulrike, Rosenzopf Hannah, Poglitsch Christian, Ischebeck Anja
Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria.
Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria.
Biol Psychol. 2019 May;144:20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.02.007. Epub 2019 Mar 13.
Recently, we showed that disgusting sound cues direct spatial attention away from the location of their origin to the opposite location indicating spatial disgust avoidance (Zimmer et al., 2015, Psychophysiology; 2016, Neuroimage). However, in these studies, we had solely used an inter-stimulus interval (ISI) of 200-300 ms, leaving unclear how disgust avoidance develops over time. Studies have shown that spatial attraction due to anger persists longer when induced by auditory rather than visual stimuli. In the present ERP-study, one of two laterally presented sounds (neutral/disgust) cued a laterally presented visual target. ISIs varied from short (50-150 ms) over middle (350-450 ms) to long (650-750 ms). For disgust stimuli, response times were longer for invalidly cued targets compared to validly cued targets, reflecting disgust avoidance. There was an increased P3 amplitude for validly versus invalidly cued targets consistent with disgust avoidance. In contrast, in the neutral condition, we found evidence of inhibition of return (IOR), as we observed a reversal of the usual validity effect from short to long ISI in the behavioral data and on the P1-component. These results indicate that spatial avoidance motivated by auditory disgust persists over time, presumably enforced by emotional rather than general attentional processes.
最近，我们发现令人厌恶的声音线索会将空间注意力从其声源位置引向相反位置，这表明存在空间厌恶回避现象（齐默尔等人，2015年，《心理生理学》；2016年，《神经影像学》）。然而，在这些研究中，我们仅使用了200 - 300毫秒的刺激间隔（ISI），尚不清楚厌恶回避是如何随时间发展的。研究表明，由愤怒引发的空间吸引在由听觉而非视觉刺激诱发时持续时间更长。在本项事件相关电位（ERP）研究中，两个侧向呈现的声音（中性/厌恶）之一提示一个侧向呈现的视觉目标。刺激间隔从短（50 - 150毫秒）、中（350 - 450毫秒）到长（650 - 750毫秒）不等。对于厌恶刺激，与有效提示目标相比，无效提示目标的反应时间更长，这反映了厌恶回避。与厌恶回避一致，有效提示目标与无效提示目标相比，P3波幅增加。相比之下，在中性条件下，我们发现了返回抑制（IOR）的证据，因为我们在行为数据和P1成分上观察到，从短ISI到长ISI，通常的有效性效应发生了逆转。这些结果表明，由听觉厌恶引发的空间回避会随时间持续存在，推测是由情绪而非一般注意力过程所强化。
