Ranjan K, Prasad M, Brar B, Lambe U, Kumar R, Ghosh M, Prasad G
Acta Virol. 2019;63(1):3-18. doi: 10.4149/av_2019_109.
Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, infectious and non-contagious disease of ruminant animals. BT disease is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) of the genus Orbivirus (the family Reoviridae). BTV is transmitted by certain species of biting midges of the genus Culicoides. Although originally BT was restricted to African continent, now it is present in all the continents except Antarctica. Conventional BT vaccines such as live attenuated and inactivated vaccines showed different degree of success in BT control. However, conventional vaccines have certain disadvantages of reversion to virulent strain and frequent booster dose requirement. Several BT outbreaks in India and the rest of the world open a new insight for development of better vaccines. The development in molecular biology techniques allowed the development and validation of several modern vaccines such as subunit vaccine, recombinant vector vaccine, disabled infections single cycle (DISC) vaccine, differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) approach etc. Most of these vaccines are considered as safer, having better protective immune response and provided cross-protective immunization against more than one serotype. Keywords: bluetongue virus; live vaccine; inactivated vaccine; DISC; recombinant vaccine.
蓝舌病（BT）是反刍动物一种具有重要经济意义的传染性非接触性疾病。蓝舌病由呼肠孤病毒科环状病毒属的蓝舌病病毒（BTV）引起。BTV通过库蠓属的某些叮咬蠓传播。虽然蓝舌病最初局限于非洲大陆，但现在除南极洲外的各大洲均有出现。传统的蓝舌病疫苗，如减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗，在蓝舌病防控中取得了不同程度的成功。然而，传统疫苗存在毒力返强和需要频繁加强免疫等缺点。印度及世界其他地区发生的几次蓝舌病疫情为研发更好的疫苗提供了新的思路。分子生物学技术的发展使得几种现代疫苗得以开发和验证，如亚单位疫苗、重组载体疫苗、感染性单周期缺陷（DISC）疫苗、区分感染动物和免疫动物（DIVA）方法等。这些疫苗大多被认为更安全，具有更好的保护性免疫反应，并能针对多种血清型提供交叉保护性免疫。关键词：蓝舌病病毒；活疫苗；灭活疫苗；DISC；重组疫苗。
