Martínez González Cristina, Prieto González Amador, García Alfonso Lucía, Fernández Fernández Luis, Moreda Bernardo Ariel, Fernández Álvarez Ramon, Rolle-Sóñora Valeria, Ruano Raviña Alberto, Casan Clarà Pere
Área del Pulmón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España.
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, España.
Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed). 2019 Sep;55(9):459-464. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.01.017. Epub 2019 Mar 15.
Silicosis is a chronic progressive disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica. Most cases develop in underground mine workers and in subjects involved in the extraction of natural stone (slate and granite). In view of the progressive emergence of new cases of silicosis in artificial quartz conglomerate workers, we performed a study to analyze the characteristics of silicosis produced by this new agent in Spain.
The study consisted of a series of 96 cases of silicosis diagnosed according to international criteria during the period 2010-2017. We analyzed clinical, radiological, pathological and functional characteristics.
Mean age of participants was 45 years; 55% had simple silicosis and 45% had complicated silicosis. Ten patients were diagnosed with accelerated silicosis, with a mean age of 33 years. Mean time of exposure to conglomerates was 15 years, and 77% had not used appropriate protection measures. Half of the patients were asymptomatic and presented different classic forms on chest X-ray and chest high-resolution computed tomography, along with ground-glass images. No lung function changes were recorded.
Silicosis in artificial quartz conglomerate workers occurs in a young, actively employed population, a considerable percentage of whom present an accelerated form. They have few symptoms and no functional limitations. Protection measures are scarce. It is important to characterize these features to provide early diagnosis and implement the necessary preventive measures.
矽肺是一种因吸入结晶二氧化硅而引发的慢性进行性疾病。大多数病例发生在地下矿工以及从事天然石材（板岩和花岗岩）开采的人员中。鉴于人工石英砾岩工人中矽肺新病例的不断出现，我们开展了一项研究，以分析这种新致病因素在西班牙所引发的矽肺的特征。
该研究纳入了2010年至2017年期间根据国际标准诊断的96例矽肺病例。我们分析了临床、放射学、病理学和功能特征。
参与者的平均年龄为45岁；55%患有单纯性矽肺，45%患有复杂性矽肺。10名患者被诊断为加速性矽肺，平均年龄为33岁。接触砾岩的平均时间为15年，77%的人未采取适当的防护措施。一半患者无症状，胸部X线和胸部高分辨率计算机断层扫描显示出不同的典型形态，伴有磨玻璃影。未记录到肺功能变化。
人工石英砾岩工人中的矽肺发生在年轻且仍在积极工作的人群中，其中相当一部分呈现加速型。他们症状较少且无功能限制。防护措施匮乏。明确这些特征对于早期诊断并实施必要的预防措施很重要。
