and Compounds Affecting Interactions Between and Its Natural Enemies and .

The interaction Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) × its natural enemies Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Say (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) × botanical compounds with and without synergist is unknown; therefore, it was studied under controlled conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct mortality of nymphs and adults and indirect by this predator feeding on larvae treated after being exposed to parasitism by . L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) and L. (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) compounds, with and without lead (II) oxide (PbO), were tested as insecticides. The mortality of first and second instars was high with turmeric essential oil by topical application. The PbO increased the predator mortality in combination with turmeric powder, crude essential oil, and -turmerone. This last derivative caused also the highest mortality of nymphs when ingested through treated larvae that were previously subjected to parasitism. Turmeric powder and its derivatives, with and without PbO, should not be used in areas with due to the high mortality caused to this predator.