Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.
The Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Apr 2;116(14):6836-6841. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1817473116. Epub 2019 Mar 19.
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like (LOXL) proteins are copper-dependent metalloenzymes with well-documented roles in tumor metastasis and fibrotic diseases. The mechanism by which copper is delivered to these enzymes is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the copper transporter ATP7A is necessary for the activity of LOX and LOXL enzymes. Silencing of ATP7A inhibited LOX activity in the 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell line, resulting in a loss of LOX-dependent mechanisms of metastasis, including the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and myeloid cell recruitment to the lungs, in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer. ATP7A silencing was also found to attenuate LOX activity and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells in mice. Meta-analysis of breast cancer patients found that high ATP7A expression was significantly correlated with reduced survival. Taken together, these results identify ATP7A as a therapeutic target for blocking LOX- and LOXL-dependent malignancies.
赖氨酰氧化酶(LOX)和赖氨酰氧化酶样(LOXL)蛋白是铜依赖性金属酶,其在肿瘤转移和纤维化疾病中具有明确的作用。将铜递送到这些酶的机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们证明铜转运蛋白 ATP7A 对于 LOX 和 LOXL 酶的活性是必需的。沉默 ATP7A 抑制了 4T1 乳腺癌细胞系中的 LOX 活性,导致依赖 LOX 的转移机制丧失,包括粘着斑激酶的磷酸化和骨髓细胞募集到肺部,在乳腺癌的原位小鼠模型中也是如此。在小鼠中,沉默 ATP7A 也发现会减弱 LOX 活性和 Lewis 肺癌细胞的转移。对乳腺癌患者的荟萃分析发现,高 ATP7A 表达与生存率降低显著相关。总之,这些结果表明 ATP7A 是阻断 LOX 和 LOXL 依赖性恶性肿瘤的治疗靶点。
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