Aro Abimbola O, Dzoyem Jean Paul, Goddard Amelia, Fonteh Pascaline, Kayoka-Kabongo Prudence N, McGaw Lyndy J
Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa.
Front Pharmacol. 2019 Mar 5;10:185. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00185. eCollection 2019.
Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by microorganisms of the complex, infects almost one-third of the world's population. The TB epidemic has been further exacerbated by the emergence of multi, extensively, and totally-drug-resistant (MDR, XDR, and TDRTB) strains. An effective immune response plays a crucial role in determining the establishment of TB infection. Therefore, the modulation of the immune system has been considered as a vital approach for the treatment or control of various immune-related diseases such as TB. In this study, the antimycobacterial, immunomodulatory, and apoptosis-inducing effects of six Rubiaceae species were evaluated. A twofold serial dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration values of the plant extracts. The effect of the extracts on the activity of 15-lipoxygenase was investigated. The levels of six different cytokines, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, were measured in LPS-activated U937 cell line while the apoptosis-inducing effect of the extracts was evaluated using an annexin V/PI assay using a flow cytometer. The results obtained revealed that all the six extracts tested had antimycobacterial activity against H37Rv, ATCC 25177, and ATCC 27299 strains, with MIC values ranging from 39 to 312 μg/mL. The extracts of and were the most active against (MIC = 39 μg/mL), followed by and against (MIC = 78 μg/mL). The extracts of and had remarkable IC values of 4.32 and 5.8 μg/mL, respectively, better than that of quercetin. The selected extracts promoted Th1/Th2 balances in an model at the tested concentration which may suggest the therapeutic value of the plant in diseases where inflammation is a significant factor such as TB. The addition of the crude extracts of , , and at the tested concentrations to the cell culture medium induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This interesting preliminary result generated from this study encourages further investigations of these extracts owing to the LOX-inhibitory effect, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic-inducing properties in addition to their antimycobacterial properties.
结核病（TB）是由结核分枝杆菌复合群微生物引起的一种疾病，全球近三分之一的人口受到感染。多重耐药、广泛耐药和全耐药（MDR、XDR和TDR-TB）菌株的出现使结核病疫情进一步恶化。有效的免疫反应在决定结核感染的发生方面起着关键作用。因此，调节免疫系统已被视为治疗或控制包括结核病在内的各种免疫相关疾病的重要方法。在本研究中，评估了六种茜草科植物的抗分枝杆菌、免疫调节和诱导凋亡的作用。采用两倍系列稀释法测定植物提取物的最低抑菌浓度值。研究了提取物对15-脂氧合酶活性的影响。在LPS激活的U937细胞系中测量六种不同细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IFN-γ和TNF-α的水平，同时使用流式细胞仪通过膜联蛋白V/PI检测评估提取物的诱导凋亡作用。所得结果显示，测试的所有六种提取物均对H37Rv、ATCC 25177和ATCC 27299菌株具有抗分枝杆菌活性，MIC值范围为39至312μg/mL。[植物名称1]和[植物名称2]的提取物对[菌株名称]活性最强（MIC = 39μg/mL），其次是[植物名称3]和[植物名称4]对[菌株名称]（MIC = 78μg/mL）。[植物名称5]和[植物名称6]的提取物的IC值分别为4.32和5.8μg/mL，显著优于槲皮素。所选提取物在测试浓度下在[模型名称]模型中促进了Th1/Th2平衡，这可能表明该植物在炎症是重要因素的疾病如结核病中的治疗价值。在测试浓度下将[植物名称7]、[植物名称8]和[植物名称9]的粗提取物添加到细胞培养基中以时间和剂量依赖的方式诱导凋亡。本研究产生的这一有趣的初步结果鼓励对这些提取物进行进一步研究，因为它们除了具有抗分枝杆菌特性外，还具有LOX抑制作用、免疫调节和诱导凋亡特性。
