Saganuwan Saganuwan Alhaji
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry College of Veterinary Medicine University of Agriculture Makurdi Benue State Nigeria.
Animal Model Exp Med. 2018 Sep 25;1(3):228-234. doi: 10.1002/ame2.12031. eCollection 2018 Sep.
About 50 species of scorpions cause fatal scorpionism worldwide. Most of these are members of the Buthidae family, and include, among others, , , , , and . Because high doses of scorpion venom and antivenom can cause death and hypersensitive reactions, there is a need to develop a formula that can be used to calculate both lethal and effective doses for scorpion venom and antivenom, respectively, thereby obviating the need for laboratory experiments.
In view of this, a literature search was carried out with the aim of modifying the formula ( ) for calculation of the median lethal dose (LD) of scorpion venom and the ED of antivenom. The human equivalent dose (HED) formula was assessed for extrapolation of LD and ED from animals to human for comparison and relevance with the new formula.
The findings showed that the newly developed formula (LD = ED × × 10) yielded results that are very close to the reported values. Therefore, the newly developed and HED formulas can be used for calculation of LD and ED values for scorpion venom and antivenom, respectively.
The new formula yielded better results than the HED formula, confirming its predictive validity, precision, and reliability, thereby obviating the need for rigorous experiments and justifying the principles of reduction, refinement, and replacement (3Rs).
全球约有50种蝎子可导致致命的蝎蜇伤。其中大多数是钳蝎科的成员，包括（此处列举的蝎子种类未给出具体英文，无法准确翻译）等。由于高剂量的蝎毒和抗蛇毒血清可导致死亡和过敏反应，因此需要开发一种公式，分别用于计算蝎毒和抗蛇毒血清的致死剂量和有效剂量，从而无需进行实验室实验。
鉴于此，进行了文献检索，目的是修改用于计算蝎毒半数致死剂量（LD）和抗蛇毒血清有效剂量（ED）的公式（此处公式未给出具体内容，无法准确翻译）。评估了人类等效剂量（HED）公式，以将LD和ED从动物外推至人类，以便与新公式进行比较并确定其相关性。
研究结果表明，新开发的公式（LD = ED × 此处未给出具体数值，无法准确翻译 × 10）得出的结果与报告值非常接近。因此，新开发的公式和HED公式可分别用于计算蝎毒和抗蛇毒血清的LD和ED值。
新公式比HED公式产生了更好的结果，证实了其预测有效性、精确性和可靠性，从而无需进行严格的实验，并证明了减少、优化和替代（3Rs）原则的合理性。
