Sánchez-Sánchez Javier, García-Unanue Jorge, Hernando Enrique, López-Fernández Jorge, Colino Enrique, León-Jiménez Manuel, Gallardo Leonor
School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.
IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
Front Physiol. 2019 Mar 6;10:175. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00175. eCollection 2019.
The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of age category on the performance and muscle response after a Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) test in elite youth soccer players. 62 soccer players from three different age categories (Under 14 [ = 21], Under 16 [ = 20], and Under 18 [ = 21]) were selected to participate in this study. Players completed an RSA test (7 × 30 m) with a 20-s recovery between sprints. The muscular response to an electrical stimulus before and after the test of both the biceps femoris (BF) and the rectus femoris (RF) were evaluated using tensiomyography. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyse the differences in RSA parameters in each of the four distance-intervals (0-5; 5-25; 25-30; 0-30 m) between sprint and age category. The U14 age category (5.30 ± 0.30 s) showed higher mean sprint times than U16 (4.62 ± 0.20 s) and U18 (4.46 ± 0.17 s) throughout the entire test ( < 0.01). U16 players revealed a worse best sprints time (RSA) than U18 players (+0.12 s, CI95%: to 0.01 to 0.24; ES: 1.09, = 0.03). The muscular contractile properties were similar in the three age categories analyzed ( > 0.05), although the delay time (Td) of the muscle was significantly lower after the RSA test in U16 players (-1.53 ms, CI95%: -2.607 to -0.452; ES: 0.38) and U18 players (-1.11 ms, CI95%: -2.10 to -0.12; ES: 0.22). In conclusion, this study revealed an increase in physical performance and muscle response variability after a repeated sprint ability test in the U16's and over. The fatigue induced by the RSA test did not show differences depending on the age of the players, although muscle mechanical properties were altered after the RSA test in U16 and U18 soccer players. Physical performance and muscle response can be complementary variables in managing fatigue according to the age category in soccer players.
本研究旨在分析年龄组别对精英青少年足球运动员重复冲刺能力（RSA）测试后的表现及肌肉反应的影响。从三个不同年龄组别（14岁以下[ = 21人]、16岁以下[ = 20人]和18岁以下[ = 21人]）选取了62名足球运动员参与本研究。运动员完成了一项RSA测试（7次×30米），每次冲刺之间有20秒的恢复时间。使用张力肌电图评估股二头肌（BF）和股直肌（RF）在测试前后对电刺激的肌肉反应。采用双向方差分析来分析每个冲刺和年龄组别在四个距离区间（0 - 5米；5 - 25米；25 - 30米；0 - 30米）内RSA参数的差异。在整个测试过程中，14岁以下年龄组（5.30 ± 0.30秒）的平均冲刺时间高于16岁以下（4.62 ± 0.20秒）和18岁以下（4.46 ± 0.17秒）年龄组（ < 0.01）。16岁以下球员的最佳冲刺时间（RSA）比18岁以下球员差（+0.12秒，95%置信区间：0.01至0.24；效应量：1.09， = 0.03）。在所分析的三个年龄组别中，肌肉收缩特性相似（ > 0.05），尽管16岁以下球员（-1.53毫秒，95%置信区间：-2.607至-0.452；效应量：0.38）和18岁以下球员（-1.11毫秒，95%置信区间：-2.10至-0.12；效应量：0.22）在RSA测试后肌肉的延迟时间（Td）显著降低。总之，本研究表明，16岁及以上球员在重复冲刺能力测试后身体表现和肌肉反应变异性增加。RSA测试引起的疲劳并未因球员年龄而表现出差异，尽管16岁和18岁足球运动员在RSA测试后肌肉力学特性发生了改变。在根据足球运动员的年龄组别管理疲劳方面，身体表现和肌肉反应可能是互补的变量。
