Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 May;9(3):432-41. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0121.
The overall objective of this review was to investigate the role and development of sprinting speed in soccer. Time-motion analyses show that short sprints occur frequently during soccer games. Straight sprinting is the most frequent action before goals, both for the scoring and assisting player. Straight-line sprinting velocity (both acceleration and maximal sprinting speed), certain agility skills, and repeated-sprint ability are shown to distinguish groups from different performance levels. Professional players have become faster over time, indicating that sprinting skills are becoming more and more important in modern soccer. In research literature, the majority of soccer-related training interventions have provided positive effects on sprinting capabilities, leading to the assumption that all kinds of training can be performed with success. However, most successful intervention studies are time consuming and challenging to incorporate into the overall soccer training program. Even though the principle of specificity is clearly present, several questions remain regarding the optimal training methods within the larger context of the team-sport setting. Considering time-efficiency effects, soccer players may benefit more by performing sprint-training regimens similar to the progression model used in strength training and by world-leading athletics practitioners, compared with the majority of guidelines that traditionally have been presented in research literature.
本综述的总体目标是研究短跑速度在足球中的作用和发展。运动学分析表明，短距离冲刺在足球比赛中经常发生。直线冲刺是进球前最常见的动作，无论是得分还是助攻的球员。直线冲刺速度（加速度和最大冲刺速度）、某些敏捷技能和重复冲刺能力，可将不同表现水平的群体区分开来。职业球员的速度随着时间的推移变得越来越快，这表明短跑技术在现代足球中变得越来越重要。在研究文献中，大多数与足球相关的训练干预措施对短跑能力产生了积极影响，这导致人们假设各种训练都可以成功进行。然而，大多数成功的干预研究都很耗时，并且很难融入整体足球训练计划中。尽管特异性原则是明确的，但在团队运动环境的更大背景下，关于最佳训练方法仍存在一些问题。考虑到时间效率的影响，与传统上在研究文献中提出的大多数指南相比，足球运动员可能通过类似于力量训练中使用的渐进式模型以及世界领先的田径运动员所采用的短跑训练方案获益更多。
