1 Department of Health Services Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Breastfeed Med. 2019 Jun;14(5):298-306. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0002. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Mother's own milk has long been accepted as the best source of nutrition for the newborn. In those cases where mother's milk is not available, the best choice is the human milk provided by selected donors. Human milk banks are the most institutionalized method of milk sharing and play a vital role for neonates that cannot be breastfed. This study aims at systematically reviewing factors influencing donation to human milk banks. A systematic review of the literature was performed on authentic electronic resources, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science with no time limitation. To increase the sensitivity and to find additional studies for systematic review, the reference list of the published studies was examined as well. Data extraction and quality appraisal were carried out by two independent reviewers. The study was qualitatively summarized to generate descriptive and explanatory themes that emerged from the literature. From a total of 1,157 articles, 31 met the inclusion criteria in which 64 factors are extracted. From these, 26 factors act as barriers and 38 factors act as facilitators of milk donation. Having excess milk, altruism, and helping other babies are found to be the most important facilitators of milk donation, while the most important barriers are religious and cultural concerns. Developing practical strategies to attract milk donors are crucial for successfully establishing human milk banks. These include providing reliable information regarding the milk bank goals and functions and developing breastfeeding polices with regard to differences in countries' contexts and trying to resolve any uncertainties regarding milk donation, especially those arising for religious concerns.
母乳长期以来一直被认为是新生儿最佳的营养来源。在无法获得母乳的情况下，最好的选择是由经过挑选的捐赠者提供的人乳。母乳库是最制度化的母乳分享方式，对于无法母乳喂养的新生儿至关重要。本研究旨在系统地回顾影响母乳库捐赠的因素。
我们对没有时间限制的真实电子资源（包括 PubMed、Scopus、Embase、ScienceDirect 和 Web of Science）进行了系统的文献综述。为了提高敏感性并为系统综述找到额外的研究，我们还检查了已发表研究的参考文献列表。数据提取和质量评估由两名独立的评审员进行。研究以定性方式进行总结，生成了文献中出现的描述性和解释性主题。
从总共 1157 篇文章中，有 31 篇符合纳入标准，其中提取了 64 个因素。其中，有 26 个因素是捐赠的障碍，38 个因素是捐赠的促进因素。拥有多余的乳汁、利他主义和帮助其他婴儿被发现是捐赠母乳的最重要的促进因素，而宗教和文化方面的担忧则是最重要的障碍。
制定吸引母乳捐赠者的切实策略对于成功建立母乳库至关重要。这些策略包括提供有关母乳库目标和功能的可靠信息，制定与各国国情相关的母乳喂养政策，并尽力解决与母乳捐赠相关的任何不确定性，特别是那些源于宗教方面的担忧。
