Li Duo, Wahlqvist Mark L, Sinclair Andrew J
Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2019;28(1):1-5. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.201903_28(1).0001.
There is conclusive evidence to demonstrate the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in human development and growth, vision, and cell membrane fluidity (membrane order). N-3 PUFA also contribute to human health maintenance through correction of arrhythmias, inhibition of platelet aggregation and prolongation of clotting time, lowering blood pressure, lowering serum triglycerides and plasma homocysteine, being antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory, being cardio-protective, increasing insulin sensitivity in Asians, and decreasing the risk of breast and colorectal cancers. This understanding of a wide spectrum of biological effects attributable to n-3 PUFA has been unsettled by a systematic review of randomized clinical intervention trials (RCTs) which has reported that n-3 PUFA have negligible or no effect on all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Here, possible reasons for the inconsistencies in regard to n-3 PUFA and cardiovascular diseases, along with the implications for their broader biology, are considered.
有确凿证据表明ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）在人类发育与生长、视力以及细胞膜流动性（膜有序性）方面发挥着作用。n-3 PUFA还通过纠正心律失常、抑制血小板聚集和延长凝血时间、降低血压、降低血清甘油三酯和血浆同型半胱氨酸水平、具有抗炎和免疫调节作用、对心脏有保护作用、提高亚洲人的胰岛素敏感性以及降低乳腺癌和结直肠癌风险等方式，对维持人类健康做出贡献。对n-3 PUFA广泛生物学效应的这种认识，因一项随机临床干预试验（RCT）的系统评价而受到动摇，该评价报告称n-3 PUFA对全因死亡率或心血管死亡率的影响可忽略不计或无影响。在此，我们考虑了n-3 PUFA与心血管疾病相关不一致性的可能原因及其对更广泛生物学的影响。
