Derbyshire Emma J, Birch Catherine S, Bonwick Graham A, English Ashley, Metcalfe Phil, Li Weili
Nutritional Insight Limited, London, United Kingdom.
AgriFood X Limited, York, United Kingdom.
Front Nutr. 2024 Feb 2;11:1325099. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1325099. eCollection 2024.
Dietary intakes of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid are central to development and health across the life course. O3LC-PUFAs have been linked to neurological development, maternal and child health and the etiology of certain non-communicable diseases including age-related cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, dietary inadequacies exist in the United Kingdom and on a wider global scale. One predominant dietary source of O3LC-PUFAs is fish and fish oils. However, growing concerns about overfishing, oceanic contaminants such as dioxins and microplastics and the trend towards plant-based diets appear to be acting as cumulative barriers to O3LC-PUFAs from these food sources. Microalgae are an alternative provider of O3LC-PUFA-rich oils. The delivery of these into food systems is gaining interest. The present narrative review aims to discuss the present barriers to obtaining suitable levels of O3LC-PUFAs for health and wellbeing. It then discusses potential ways forward focusing on innovative delivery methods to utilize O3LC-PUFA-rich oils including the use of fortification strategies, bioengineered plants, microencapsulation, and microalgae.
饮食中摄入的ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（O3LC-PUFAs），如二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸，对整个生命过程中的发育和健康至关重要。O3LC-PUFAs与神经发育、母婴健康以及某些非传染性疾病的病因有关，包括与年龄相关的认知衰退、心血管疾病和糖尿病。然而，在英国乃至更广泛的全球范围内，饮食中都存在摄入不足的情况。O3LC-PUFAs的一个主要饮食来源是鱼类和鱼油。然而，对过度捕捞、二恶英和微塑料等海洋污染物的日益担忧以及以植物性饮食为主的趋势，似乎正在成为获取这些食物来源中O3LC-PUFAs的累积障碍。微藻是富含O3LC-PUFA油脂的另一种来源。将这些油脂引入食品体系正引起人们的兴趣。本叙述性综述旨在讨论目前在获取对健康有益的适当水平O3LC-PUFAs方面存在的障碍。然后讨论潜在的前进方向，重点是利用富含O3LC-PUFA油脂的创新递送方法，包括使用强化策略、生物工程植物、微胶囊化和微藻。
