Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2019 Mar 20;11(3):669. doi: 10.3390/nu11030669.
Despite being the most essential nutrient, water is commonly forgotten in the fields of pharmacy and nutrition. Hydration status is determined by water balance (the difference between water input and output). Hypohydration or negative water balance is affected by numerous factors, either internal (i.e., a lack of thirst sensation) or external (e.g., polypharmacy or chronic consumption of certain drugs). However, to date, research on the interaction between hydration status and drugs/excipients has been scarce. Drugs may trigger the appearance of hypohydration by means of the increase of water elimination through either diarrhea, urine or sweat; a decrease in thirst sensation or appetite; or the alteration of central thermoregulation. On the other hand, pharmaceutical excipients induce alterations in hydration status by decreasing the gastrointestinal transit time or increasing the gastrointestinal tract rate or intestinal permeability. In the present review, we evaluate studies that focus on the effects of drugs/excipients on hydration status. These studies support the aim of monitoring the hydration status in patients, mainly in those population segments with a higher risk, to avoid complications and associated pathologies, which are key axes in both pharmaceutical care and the field of nutrition.
尽管水是最基本的营养物质，但在药学和营养学领域却常常被忽视。水合状态由水的平衡（输入和输出的差异）决定。脱水或负水平衡受到许多因素的影响，包括内部因素（即口渴感缺失）或外部因素（如多药治疗或慢性使用某些药物）。然而，迄今为止，关于水合状态与药物/赋形剂相互作用的研究还很少。药物可能通过增加通过腹泻、尿液或汗液排出的水分、降低口渴感或食欲，或改变中枢体温调节来引发脱水。另一方面，药物赋形剂通过减少胃肠道转运时间、增加胃肠道速率或增加肠道通透性来改变水合状态。在本综述中，我们评估了专注于药物/赋形剂对水合状态影响的研究。这些研究支持监测患者水合状态的目标，特别是在那些风险较高的人群中，以避免并发症和相关的病理，这是药物治疗和营养领域的关键轴。
