Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Mar 20;11(3):671. doi: 10.3390/nu11030671.
Probiotic yogurt is suggested as a nutritional approach in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of probiotic yogurt on glycemic outcomes in T2D or obesity. The databases used to search for RCTs included Medline and Scopus. The RCTs were eligible if outcomes included selected glycemic markers. In nine eligible trials, 237 and 235 subjects were in treatment (probiotic yogurt) and control (mostly conventional yogurt) groups, respectively. There was no significant difference for pooled unstandardized mean difference (USMD) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by probiotic yogurt compared with the control in T2D (USMD: -0.366; 95% CI: -0.755, 0.024, = 0.066) and obesity (USMD: 0.116, 95% CI: -0.007, 0.238, = 0.065). Similarly, there were no effects of probiotic yogurt on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, or insulin resistance (estimated by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) in either T2D or obesity. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis has not demonstrated the benefits of consuming probiotic compared with conventional yogurt for improving glucose control in patients with diabetes or obesity. Larger trials are needed to verify the benefits of probiotic and/or conventional yogurt or other probiotic fermented milk (e.g., kefir) on glycemic markers in patients with diabetes and obesity.
益生菌酸奶被推荐作为 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 和肥胖的营养干预方法。我们对评估益生菌酸奶对 T2D 或肥胖患者血糖控制效果的随机对照试验 (RCT) 进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。用于检索 RCT 的数据库包括 Medline 和 Scopus。如果试验结果包含特定的血糖指标，则认为该 RCT 符合纳入标准。在 9 项符合条件的试验中，分别有 237 名和 235 名受试者被分配到治疗（益生菌酸奶）和对照组（大多为常规酸奶）。与对照组相比，益生菌酸奶对 T2D 患者（USMD：-0.366；95%CI：-0.755，0.024， = 0.066）和肥胖患者（USMD：0.116，95%CI：-0.007，0.238， = 0.065）的糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的标准化均数差值（USMD）无显著差异。同样，益生菌酸奶对 T2D 和肥胖患者的空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素或胰岛素抵抗（用稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）估计）也没有影响。总之，本荟萃分析并未表明与常规酸奶相比，食用益生菌酸奶对糖尿病或肥胖患者的血糖控制有改善作用。需要更大规模的试验来验证益生菌和/或常规酸奶或其他益生菌发酵乳（如开菲尔）对糖尿病和肥胖患者血糖指标的益处。
