1 I.R.C.C.S. Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
2 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2019 Jan-Dec;33:2058738419838383. doi: 10.1177/2058738419838383.
Neuropathic pain is characterized by abnormal hypersensitivity to stimuli (hyperalgesia) and nociceptive responses to non-noxious stimuli (allodynia). The conditions and the pathophysiological states that determine the onset of neuropathic pain are heterogeneous, such as metabolic disorders, neuropathy caused by viral infections, and autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Neuropathic pain in the general population is estimated to have a prevalence ranging between 3% and 17%. Most of the available treatments for neuropathic pain have moderate efficacy and present side effects that limit their use; therefore, other therapeutic approaches are needed for patients. In this article, the current standard of care treatment, the emerging pharmacological approaches from the completed phase III clinical trials, and the preclinical studies on novel promising therapeutic options will be reviewed.
神经病理性疼痛的特征是对刺激异常敏感（痛觉过敏）和对非伤害性刺激的伤害性反应（感觉异常）。决定神经病理性疼痛发生的情况和病理生理状态是多种多样的，如代谢紊乱、病毒感染引起的神经病和影响中枢神经系统（CNS）的自身免疫性疾病。一般人群中估计有 3%至 17%的人患有神经病理性疼痛。大多数现有的神经病理性疼痛治疗方法疗效中等，并存在限制其使用的副作用；因此，患者需要其他治疗方法。在本文中，将回顾当前的标准治疗护理、已完成的 III 期临床试验中的新兴药物治疗方法，以及新型有前途的治疗选择的临床前研究。
