Department of Arctic Technology, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway.
Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2019 Jul;38(7):1446-1454. doi: 10.1002/etc.4415. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
In Norway, mine tailings waste can be deposited by coastal submarine dispersal. Mine tailings slurry includes fine particles <10 µm with elevated levels of metals (e.g., copper, iron) from residual mineral ore. Prolonged suspension of small particles in the water column may bring them into contact with locally spawned pelagic fish eggs, including Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Newly fertilized cod embryos were exposed to suspended mine tailings particles up to 3.2 mg/L in flow-through aquaria for a total of 21 d. Significantly more particles adhered to the surface of the chorion from the high treatment after 11-d exposure, and dissolved Cu concentrations increased in the water (up to 0.36 ± 0.06 µg/L). There was no adverse effect on embryo mortality but an 8% elevation in larval mortality. There were no differences with treatment on timing of hatching, embryo and larva morphometrics, abnormalities, or cardiac activity. There was a treatment-dependent up-regulation of stress marker genes (hspa8, cyp1c1) but no indication of metal-induced activation of metallothionien (mt gene transcription). Transcription markers for DNA and histone methyltransferases did show treatment-related up-regulation, indicative of altered methylation in larvae when developmental methylation patterns are determined, indicating some level of chronic toxicity that may have longer-term effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1446-1454. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
在挪威，可以通过沿海海底散布来处理矿山尾矿废物。矿山尾矿泥浆包括 10 µm 以下的细小颗粒，其中含有残留矿石中的金属（如铜、铁）。小颗粒在水柱中长时间悬浮可能会使它们与当地浮游鱼卵接触，包括大西洋鳕鱼、Gadus morhua。新受精的鳕鱼胚胎在流动水族馆中暴露于悬浮的矿山尾矿颗粒中，最高浓度可达 3.2 mg/L，总共暴露 21 天。在 11 天的暴露后，高处理组的绒毛膜表面明显有更多的颗粒附着，水中的溶解铜浓度增加（最高可达 0.36 ± 0.06 µg/L）。这对胚胎死亡率没有不良影响，但幼虫死亡率上升了 8%。孵化时间、胚胎和幼虫形态测量、异常和心脏活动与处理均无差异。应激标志物基因（hspa8、cyp1c1）的表达水平上调，但金属诱导金属硫蛋白（mt 基因转录）的激活没有迹象。DNA 和组蛋白甲基转移酶的转录标志物显示出与处理相关的上调，这表明在发育甲基化模式确定时幼虫的甲基化发生了改变，表明存在一定程度的慢性毒性，可能会产生长期影响。环境毒理化学 2019；38:1446-1454。© 2019 作者。环境毒理化学由 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 代表 SETAC 出版。
