Olsvik Pål A, Urke Henning A, Nilsen Tom O, Ulvund John B, Kristensen Torstein
National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, 5005, Bergen, Norway.
Norwegian Institute of Water Research, 7486, Trondheim, Norway.
BMC Res Notes. 2015 Aug 29;8:389. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1342-2.
Mine tailings, containing metals and production chemicals such as flotation chemicals and flocculants, may pose an environmental threat to aquatic organisms living in downstream ecosystems. The aim of this work was to study to which degree Lilaflot D817M, a flotation chemical extensively used by the mining industry, represents a hazard for migrating salmon in rivers affected by mining activity. Smoltifying Atlantic salmon were exposed to four concentrations of iron-ore mine tailings containing residual Lilaflot D817M [water versus tailing volumes of 0.002 (Low), 0.004 (Medium), 0.013 (High) and 0.04 (Max)]. After 96 h of exposure, gill and liver tissues were harvested for transcriptional responses. Target genes included markers for oxidative stress, detoxification, apoptosis and DNA repair, cell signaling and growth.
Of the 16 evaluated markers, significant transcriptional responses of exposure to tailings enriched with Lilaflot D817M were observed for CYP1A, HSP70 and HMOX1 in liver tissue and CYP1A in gill tissue. The significant induction of CYP1A in both liver and gills suggest that the flotation chemical is taken up by the fish and activates cytochrome P450 detoxification via phase I biotransformation in the cells.
The overall weak transcriptional responses to short-term exposure to Lilaflot D817M-containing iron-ore tailings suggest that the mining chemical has relatively low toxic effect on fish. The underlying mechanisms behind the observed CYP1A induction should be studied further.
矿尾矿含有金属以及生产化学品，如浮选化学品和絮凝剂，可能会对生活在下游生态系统中的水生生物构成环境威胁。这项工作的目的是研究采矿业广泛使用的浮选化学品Lilaflot D817M对受采矿活动影响的河流中洄游鲑鱼造成危害的程度。将正在进行洄游前生理变化的大西洋鲑鱼暴露于含有残留Lilaflot D817M的四种浓度的铁矿石尾矿中[水与尾矿的体积比分别为0.002（低）、0.004（中）、0.013（高）和0.04（最大）]。暴露96小时后，采集鳃和肝脏组织用于转录反应分析。目标基因包括氧化应激、解毒、细胞凋亡和DNA修复、细胞信号传导和生长的标志物。
在评估的16个标志物中，在肝脏组织中的CYP1A、HSP70和HMOX1以及鳃组织中的CYP1A中观察到暴露于富含Lilaflot D817M的尾矿有显著的转录反应。肝脏和鳃中CYP1A的显著诱导表明，这种浮选化学品被鱼吸收，并通过细胞中的I相生物转化激活细胞色素P450解毒。
对短期暴露于含Lilaflot D817M的铁矿石尾矿的总体微弱转录反应表明，这种采矿化学品对鱼类的毒性作用相对较低。观察到的CYP1A诱导背后的潜在机制应进一步研究。
