Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2019 Apr;35:35-41. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.02.009. Epub 2019 Mar 19.
Males/men and females/women differ in the outcome of influenza A virus (IAV) infections, vaccination, and antiviral treatments. Both sex (i.e. biological factors) and gender (i.e. sociocultural factors) can impact exposure and severity of IAV infections as well as responses and outcomes of treatments for IAV. Greater consideration of the combined effects of sex and gender in epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies of influenza pathogenesis is needed.
男性和女性在甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 感染、疫苗接种和抗病毒治疗的结果上存在差异。性（即生物学因素）和性别（即社会文化因素）都会影响 IAV 感染的暴露和严重程度，以及 IAV 治疗的反应和结果。在流感发病机制的流行病学、临床和动物研究中，需要更多地考虑性和性别综合影响。
