Basler Christopher F
Department of Microbiology, Box 1124, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2007 Dec;7(4):282-93. doi: 10.2174/187152607783018745.
Influenza A and influenza B viruses are continuing causes of morbidity and mortality on an annual basis. Influenza A viruses have historically caused periodic pandemics in the human population, sometimes with devastating consequences, such as in 1918. Fears of a new pandemic have increased in recent years because of continuing outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses in birds with occasional, but often lethal infection of humans. Despite their importance as human pathogens, the antiviral drugs approved to treat influenza virus infections are currently limited to two targets, the viral neuraminidase and the viral ion channel, M2. The use of the M2 inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine is further limited by the propensity of these drugs to select for drug resistant variants. However, the replication cycle of influenza viruses has been intensively studied and is receiving increased attention. New opportunities exist to develop novel antiviral strategies targeting these viruses.
甲型和乙型流感病毒每年都会持续导致发病和死亡。从历史上看，甲型流感病毒曾在人类中引发周期性大流行，有时会造成毁灭性后果，比如1918年的那次大流行。近年来，由于高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒在禽类中持续爆发，且偶尔会感染人类并常常导致死亡，人们对新的大流行的担忧加剧。尽管作为人类病原体很重要，但目前获批用于治疗流感病毒感染的抗病毒药物仅限于两个靶点，即病毒神经氨酸酶和病毒离子通道M2。M2抑制剂金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺的使用因这些药物易于选择耐药变异体而受到进一步限制。然而，流感病毒的复制周期已得到深入研究，并且受到越来越多的关注。开发针对这些病毒的新型抗病毒策略存在新的机遇。
