Spontaneous neurinoma in an African lungfish, Protopterus annectens, and DNA repair studies on normal and neoplastic tissues.

Neurinomas developed in an African lungfish (Protopterus annectens), living in an aquarium in Western Japan. The 2 tumors, measuring 7.5 X 9.0 X 6.5 and 13 X 4 X 6 cm, were located on the skin. As shown by light microscopy, tumor cells were composed of spindle-shaped cells with huge pleomorphic nuclei, which were arranged in parallel rows or whorls in interlacing connective tissue. Long-term culture of these tumor cells was achieved in vitro at 25 degrees C with use of conditioned medium over a period of more than 4 months. The nuclear DNA contents of erythrocytes (normal diploids, 2C) and tumor cells dispersed from the fixed tumor tissues were measured by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride-DNA microfluorometry by using mouse cerebellar small granule cells (normal diploids, 2C) as a reference. The 2C value of the lungfish was approximately 28-fold greater than that of the mouse. Furthermore, consistent with the nuclear pleomorphism observed by light microscopy, the nuclear DNA contents of tumor cells showed a wide distribution from hypo-2C to hyper-4C. DNA repair synthesis was measured autoradiographically in organ cultures of the tumor, lung, and skin, exposed to chemical carcinogens or UV radiation. Considerable repair was observed in the tumor and skin cells exposed to 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (CAS: 684-93-5), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (CAS: 70-25-7), or 254-nm or sunlamp UV light. Only traces of repair synthesis were detected in lung exposed to 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (CAS: 4637-56-3) did not induce repair in any of the three tissues. The observed values for repair, relative to the amount of DNA, were similar to those in other fishes.