Sun Yu, Zhu Liping, Xu Xiuhong, Meng Qingxin, Men Mengqi, Xu Benshu, Deng Liting
College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Rev Argent Microbiol. 2019 Oct-Dec;51(4):371-380. doi: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.12.002. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Cattle manure composting was performed in an aerated vessel. Community structure and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were investigated using polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) techniques targeting the ammonia monooxygenase alpha subunit (amoA) gene and the correlation between AOB and AOA communities and environmental factors was explored. Thirteen (13) AOB sequences were obtained, which were closely related to Nitrosomonas spp., Nitrosomonas eutropha, and Nitrosospira spp. and uncultured bacteria, among which Nitrosomonas spp. were predominant. Excessively high temperature and high ammonium concentration were not favorable for AOB growth. Five AOA sequences, belonging to CandidatusNitrososphaera gargensis and to an uncultured archaeon, were obtained. During composting, community diversity of AOB and AOA fluctuated, with AOA showing a higher Shannon-Wiener index. The AOB community changed more dramatically in the mesophilic stage and the early thermophilic stage, whereas the most obvious AOA community succession occurred in the late thermophilic stage, the cooling stage and the maturity stage. Water content, total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium concentration were more relevant to the AOB community structure, while higher correlations were observed between ammonia, nitrate and TN and the AOA community. AOB community diversity was negatively correlated with pH (r = -0.938, p < 0.01) and water content (r = -0.765, p < 0.05), while positively correlated with TN (r = 0.894, p < 0.01). AOA community diversity was negatively correlated with ammonium concentration (r = -0.901, p < 0.01). Ammonium concentration played an important role in the succession of AOB and AOA communities during composting.
牛粪堆肥在一个曝气容器中进行。采用针对氨单加氧酶α亚基（amoA）基因的聚合酶链反应和变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR - DGGE）技术，研究了氨氧化细菌（AOB）和氨氧化古菌（AOA）的群落结构与多样性，并探讨了AOB和AOA群落与环境因素之间的相关性。获得了13条AOB序列，它们与硝化单胞菌属、嗜养硝化单胞菌、亚硝化螺菌属以及未培养细菌密切相关，其中硝化单胞菌属占主导。过高的温度和高铵浓度不利于AOB生长。获得了5条AOA序列，分别属于食烷型硝化侏儒菌和一个未培养古菌。在堆肥过程中，AOB和AOA的群落多样性发生波动，AOA显示出更高的香农 - 维纳指数。AOB群落在嗜温阶段和嗜热早期变化更为显著，而AOA群落最明显的演替发生在嗜热后期、冷却阶段和腐熟阶段。含水量、总氮（TN）和铵浓度与AOB群落结构的相关性更大，而氨、硝酸盐和TN与AOA群落之间的相关性更高。AOB群落多样性与pH（r = - 0.938，p < 0.01）和含水量（r = - 0.765，p < 0.05）呈负相关，与TN呈正相关（r = 0.894，p < 0.01）。AOA群落多样性与铵浓度呈负相关（r = - 0.901，p < 0.01）。铵浓度在堆肥过程中AOB和AOA群落的演替中起重要作用。
