Kilty Morgan, Ipe Tina S
Product Manager, QualTex Laboratories, San Antonio, TX.
Medical Director of Donor Services, Associate Medical Director of Transfusion Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS 205, Houston, TX.
Immunohematology. 2019 Jan;35(1):3-6.
The Donath-Landsteiner (DL) test is a serologic test used to detect the presence of a biphasic hemolysin. This autoantibody is seen in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. The test relies on the characteristic cold binding of an IgG autoantibody with specificity to the P blood group antigen. This autoantibody causes complement-mediated red blood cell (RBC) lysis when warmed to body temperature. In this review, we describe the various methods for performing the DL test-namely a direct test, an indirect test, an indirect test with modifications such as the use of enzyme-treated RBCs and two stages, and an indirect antiglobulin DL test-and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each. Our focus is on the indirect testing method as it is most commonly used in blood bank laboratories.
多纳特-兰德斯泰纳（DL）试验是一种用于检测双相溶血素的血清学试验。这种自身抗体见于阵发性寒冷性血红蛋白尿患者。该试验依赖于一种对P血型抗原有特异性的IgG自身抗体的特征性冷结合。当加热到体温时，这种自身抗体可导致补体介导的红细胞（RBC）溶解。在这篇综述中，我们描述了进行DL试验的各种方法，即直接试验、间接试验、使用酶处理红细胞和分两个阶段等改良的间接试验以及间接抗球蛋白DL试验，并强调了每种方法的优缺点。我们重点关注间接检测方法，因为它是血库实验室最常用的方法。
