Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Semin Liver Dis. 2019 May;39(2):153-162. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1681031. Epub 2019 Mar 25.
Prediction of future hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in the sizable chronic liver disease population is an urgent unmet need to enable regular HCC screening for early detection. Germline deoxyribonucleic acid polymorphisms likely represent etiology-specific host factors that determine HCC susceptibility, including single nucleotide polymorphisms in , , , and in hepatitis C with or without active viral infection, and , , and in metabolic liver diseases. Transcriptome-based prognostic liver signature in diseased liver tissue has been associated with long-term HCC risk in viral and metabolic etiologies. Transcriptomic signatures of hepatic injury and specific cell type such as aggregated lymphocytes also predict HCC development. Circulating factors such as proteins and their chemical modification, nucleotides, and metabolites may serve for less-invasive assessment of short- or long-term HCC risk. These biomarkers will enable individual HCC risk-based personalized clinical management for cost-effective early HCC detection and improvement of patient survival.
预测大量慢性肝病患者的未来肝细胞癌（HCC）风险是一个迫切需要解决的问题，以便能够进行定期 HCC 筛查以实现早期检测。种系脱氧核糖核酸多态性可能代表特定于病因的宿主因素，这些因素决定了 HCC 的易感性，包括丙型肝炎病毒感染或不感染的 、 、 、 和代谢性肝病中的 、 、 。疾病肝组织中的基于转录组的预后肝标志物与病毒和代谢病因的长期 HCC 风险相关。肝损伤和特定细胞类型（如聚集的淋巴细胞）的转录组特征也可预测 HCC 的发生。循环因子，如蛋白质及其化学修饰物、核苷酸和代谢物，可用于对短期或长期 HCC 风险进行微创评估。这些生物标志物将能够基于 HCC 风险进行个体化 HCC 风险的个性化临床管理，从而实现经济有效的早期 HCC 检测和改善患者生存。
