Arain Zulqarnain, Liu Cheng, Ren Yingke, Yang Yi, Mateen Muhammad, Liu Xuepeng, Ding Yong, Ali Zulfiqar, Liu Xiaolong, Dai Songyuan, Hayat Tasawar, Alsaedi Ahmed
Energy System Engineering Department , Sukkur IBA University , Sukkur 65200 , Pakistan.
NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019 May 8;11(18):16704-16712. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b02297. Epub 2019 Apr 23.
Currently, in the field of photovoltaics, researchers are working hard to produce efficient, stable, and commercially feasible devices. The prime objective behind the innovation of any photovoltaic device is to yield more energy with easy manufacture and less process cost. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are prominent in the field of photovoltaics, owing to its low material cost, simple fabrication process, and ideal optoelectronic properties. Despite rapid augmentation in progress of PSCs, it is still a bottleneck to produce a high-quality perovskite layer at low temperatures in a short time. Herein, a facile solvent engineering technique is used to produce a high-quality perovskite layer at 50 °C in just 30 min. We employed solvent coordination strength to form the intermediate state as well as their sensitive behavior against antisolvent to establish a trade-off between fast and retarded crystallization. Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), a traditional co-solvent is used as an additive instead of co-solvent; in contrast, mixed 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and dimethylacetamide are employed as principal solvents for perovskite precursors. Different volume ratios of DMSO as a fraction of NMP are added to examine the evolution of the perovskite layer at low temperatures. It is noted that the mixed solvent with 30% DMSO shows a pin-hole free, uniform, and compact layer with a strong absorption spectrum. Promisingly, the corresponding device with 30% DMSO shows a high efficiency of 18.19%, which is even comparable to traditionally high-temperature annealed PSCs. These findings may provide a way to produce low-temperature annealed, high-quality perovskite films and subsequently facilitate the production of cost-effective and efficient devices.
目前，在光伏领域，研究人员正在努力生产高效、稳定且具有商业可行性的器件。任何光伏器件创新背后的主要目标都是以易于制造且工艺成本更低的方式产生更多能量。钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）在光伏领域中很突出，这得益于其低材料成本、简单的制造工艺以及理想的光电特性。尽管PSC取得了快速进展，但在短时间内低温制备高质量的钙钛矿层仍然是一个瓶颈。在此，采用一种简便的溶剂工程技术在50℃下仅用30分钟就制备出了高质量的钙钛矿层。我们利用溶剂配位强度形成中间态以及它们对抗溶剂的敏感行为，以在快速结晶和延迟结晶之间建立平衡。传统的共溶剂二甲基亚砜（DMSO）用作添加剂而非共溶剂；相反，混合的1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）和二甲基乙酰胺用作钙钛矿前驱体的主要溶剂。添加不同体积比的DMSO作为NMP的一部分，以研究低温下钙钛矿层的演变。值得注意的是，含有30%DMSO的混合溶剂显示出无针孔、均匀且致密的层，具有很强的吸收光谱。有前景的是，含有30%DMSO的相应器件显示出18.19%的高效率，甚至可与传统高温退火的PSC相媲美。这些发现可能为制备低温退火的高质量钙钛矿薄膜提供一种方法，并随后促进具有成本效益和高效器件的生产。
