Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
Cells. 2019 Mar 26;8(3):284. doi: 10.3390/cells8030284.
Cellular therapies, including those based on T cells, are becoming approved options for clinicians treating a range of diseases. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be modified ex vivo to express receptors such as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or T cell receptors, allowing them to target tumour cells when infused back into patients with particular cancers. CTLs specific for viruses can be purified ex vivo and reinfused into patients transplanted with haematopoietic stem cells to help combat viral reactivation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can be expanded ex vivo for infusion into patients with autoimmunity or allergy, or into those at risk of rejecting transplanted cells or tissues, or suffering graft versus host disease. Effector and regulatory T cells can also be generated by infusion of patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs) conditioned in ways to elicit anti-tumour immunity (CTLs) or Tregs. All such therapies are resource-heavy (particularly in process regulation) and so must be initially targeted to patients that have limited treatment options, but also where they have a chance of being effective.
细胞疗法，包括基于 T 细胞的疗法，正在成为临床医生治疗一系列疾病的可批准选择。细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞（CTL）可以在体外修饰以表达受体，如嵌合抗原受体（CAR）或 T 细胞受体，使它们在输注回患有特定癌症的患者体内时能够靶向肿瘤细胞。针对病毒的 CTL 可以在体外纯化并重新输注到接受造血干细胞移植的患者体内，以帮助对抗病毒重新激活。调节性 T 细胞（Treg）可以在体外扩增，用于输注给自身免疫或过敏的患者，或输注给有排斥移植细胞或组织风险的患者，或患有移植物抗宿主病的患者。效应和调节性 T 细胞也可以通过输注经特定方式调节以引发抗肿瘤免疫（CTL）或 Treg 的患者来源树突状细胞（DC）来产生。所有这些疗法都需要大量资源（特别是在过程调节方面），因此必须最初针对治疗选择有限的患者，但也要针对有机会有效的患者。
