Research Application and Evaluation Team, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE (Mailstop S107-6), Atlanta, GA 30329.
Survey Operations and Dissemination Team, Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE (Mailstop E-75), Atlanta, GA 30329.
J Sch Health. 2019 Jun;89(6):494-502. doi: 10.1111/josh.12762. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
We assessed the extent to which schools in the United States implement physical education policies identified in SHAPE America's Essential Components of Physical Education document and how implementation of these policies varies by school characteristics.
School policy data were collected as part of the 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study via computer-assisted personal interviews in a nationally representative sample of K-12 schools and were linked to extant data on school characteristics. Bivariate analyses and Poisson regression model were used to examine how physical education policies differed by school characteristics.
Five physical education policies varied by region and 3 varied by school level. Requiring certified, licensed, or endorsed physical education teachers varied by all school characteristics except school level and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. The average number of physical education policies implemented by schools was 3.0. The number of policies varied by metropolitan status and school level.
The findings suggest many schools are only implementing a few of the physical education policies that can strengthen their physical education programs. These findings can be used to target professional development and technical assistance for physical education practitioners on policy and implementation.
我们评估了美国学校在多大程度上实施了美国形体美协会（SHAPE America）的《体育教育基本要素》文件中确定的体育教育政策，以及这些政策的实施情况因学校特点而有所不同。
学校政策数据是通过对具有全国代表性的 K-12 学校的计算机辅助个人访谈，作为 2014 年学校健康政策和实践研究的一部分收集的，并与学校特点的现有数据相关联。使用双变量分析和泊松回归模型来检查体育教育政策如何因学校特点而有所不同。
有 5 项体育教育政策因地区而异，有 3 项政策因学校级别而异。要求有认证、许可或认可的体育教育教师的政策因除学校级别和享受免费或减价午餐的学生比例之外的所有学校特点而异。学校实施的体育教育政策平均数量为 3.0 项。政策数量因都市区地位和学校级别而异。
研究结果表明，许多学校只实施了少数可以加强其体育教育项目的体育教育政策。这些发现可用于针对体育教育从业者的政策和实施提供专业发展和技术援助。
