Department of Crop Sciences, Division of General Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industrial Park Höchst, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Pest Manag Sci. 2019 Nov;75(11):3084-3092. doi: 10.1002/ps.5425. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Herbicides inhibiting the synthesis of very long-chain fatty acids (HRAC group K , WSSA group 15), such as flufenacet, play an important role in weed management strategies, particularly when herbicide resistance to inhibitors with other modes of action, such as acetolactate synthase or acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), has already evolved. So far, only a few cases of resistance towards inhibitors of the synthesis of very long-chain fatty acids have been described. In this study, we characterized the level of flufenacet resistance in several Lolium spp. field populations and investigated the resistance mechanism.
The screening for flufenacet resistance revealed the ability of Lolium spp. populations from several continents to survive flufenacet treatments at and above the field rate. This study demonstrates the way in which flufenacet is detoxified in resistant weed populations. Glutathione was found to be conjugated to flufenacet in Lolium spp. seedlings, and there was evidence that glutathione transferase activity was enhanced in protein extracts from flufenacet-resistant seedlings. A significant correlation was found between the resistance factor obtained by biotests and the degradation half-time of flufenacet in ryegrass plants obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
At present, flufenacet resistance is not widespread; however, in certain Lolium spp. populations resistance levels could reach agronomic relevance due to detoxification by glutathione transferases. In Europe especially, only a few herbicide modes of action are registered for the control of Lolium spp. and therefore it is becoming increasingly important to apply best management practices to prevent the spread of flufenacet resistance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
抑制非常长链脂肪酸合成的除草剂（HRAC 组 K、WSSA 组 15），如氟草烟，在杂草管理策略中起着重要作用，特别是当对具有其他作用模式的抑制剂（如乙酰乳酸合酶或乙酰辅酶 A 羧化酶（ACCase））的除草剂抗性已经出现时。到目前为止，仅描述了少数几种对非常长链脂肪酸合成抑制剂的抗性案例。在这项研究中，我们描述了几种野生黑麦草种群对氟草烟的抗性水平，并研究了其抗性机制。
对氟草烟抗性的筛选揭示了来自几个大陆的野生黑麦草种群在田间用量及以上水平能够耐受氟草烟处理。本研究证明了在抗性杂草种群中氟草烟解毒的方式。在野生黑麦草幼苗中发现了谷胱甘肽与氟草烟的结合，并且有证据表明谷胱甘肽转移酶活性在氟草烟抗性幼苗的蛋白质提取物中增强。生物测定获得的抗性因子与高效液相色谱（HPLC）获得的黑麦草植株中氟草烟的半衰期之间存在显著相关性。
目前，氟草烟抗性并不普遍；然而，由于谷胱甘肽转移酶的解毒作用，在某些野生黑麦草种群中，抗性水平可能达到农业相关水平。特别是在欧洲，用于控制野生黑麦草的除草剂作用模式寥寥无几，因此，应用最佳管理实践来防止氟草烟抗性的传播变得越来越重要。© 2019 化学工业协会。
