Smaniotto Giovani, Borges Filho Raul da Cunha, Bernardi Daniel, Diez-Rodríguez Gabriela Inés, Afonso-Rosa Ana Paula S, Nava Dori Edson
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Environ Entomol. 2019 Jun 7;48(3):649-654. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvz020.
Currently the area with the inundative release of Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) in the country is approximately 3.5 million hectares per year in regions of tropical and subtropical climate, but there are questions about its efficiency since they are not considered the thermal requirements of the strains used. The objective of the study was to evaluate the biology in different thermal conditions of five C. flavipes strains, from different places of origin. Insects from Paraná (Strain PR), Minas Gerais (Strain MG), Alagoas (Strain AL) and two strains from São Paulo state (SPI and SPII strains) were submitted to different constant temperatures (10, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 30, and 32°C), relative air humidity of 70 ± 10% and 12-h photophase. The duration the egg-adult of C. flavipes was inversely proportional to the temperature in the thermal range of 18 to 30°C. No development occurred at temperatures of 10, 15, and 32°C. The highest survival of the biological cycle (egg-adult) (above 70%) occurred in the thermal range of 25 to 28°C. Also, temperatures from 28 to 30°C characterize significantly more females than males (sex ratio > 0.70). Based on the development of the biological cycle, the threshold temperature (Tt) was similar among the C. flavipes strains (ranging from 9.6 to 11.1°C), providing the thermal constants of 229.4 to 273.9 degree-days. The biological control of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) may be more efficient to use C. flavipes strains more adapted to the thermal conditions of each region.
目前，该国每年在热带和亚热带气候地区采用 inundative release（此处inundative release可能是一种生物防治手段，可译为“淹没式释放”）的黄足盘绒茧蜂（Cotesia flavipes，卡梅伦）的面积约为350万公顷，但由于未考虑所使用菌株的热需求，其效率存在疑问。本研究的目的是评估来自不同产地的五个黄足盘绒茧蜂菌株在不同热条件下的生物学特性。来自巴拉那州（PR菌株）、米纳斯吉拉斯州（MG菌株）、阿拉戈斯州（AL菌株）以及圣保罗州的两个菌株（SPI和SPII菌株）的昆虫被置于不同的恒定温度（10、15、18、20、22、25、30和32°C）、相对空气湿度70±10%以及12小时光周期的环境中。在18至30°C的温度范围内，黄足盘绒茧蜂从卵到成虫的发育时间与温度成反比。在10、15和32°C的温度下未发生发育。生物周期（卵到成虫）的最高存活率（高于70%）出现在25至28°C的温度范围内。此外，在28至30°C的温度下，雌性显著多于雄性（性别比>0.70）。基于生物周期的发育，黄足盘绒茧蜂菌株之间的阈值温度（Tt）相似（范围为9.6至11.1°C），热常数为229.4至273.9度日。对甘蔗二点螟（Diatraea saccharalis，法布里修斯，1794年）（鳞翅目：草螟科）进行生物防治时，可以更有效地使用更适应每个地区热条件的黄足盘绒茧蜂菌株。
