Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
Department of Entomology, Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo, 14708-040, Brazil.
Ecotoxicology. 2019 Dec;28(10):1210-1219. doi: 10.1007/s10646-019-02129-8. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
The endoparasitoid wasp Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is inundatively released in Brazilian sugarcane plantations to control the sugarcane borers Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) and Diatraea flavipennella (Box) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). In conjunction with these releases, several synthetic insecticides are used to control the neonate larvae of these pests. We assessed the lethal and transgenerational sublethal effects of seven of these insecticides on C. flavipes. Leaf discs were sprayed at the highest field concentrations of chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole, chlorfluazuron, triflumuron, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, tebufenozide, and novaluron. Distilled water was used as a negative control. Newly emerged females (24 h old) were placed in Petri dishes containing the treated leaves, and the lethal and transgenerational sublethal effects were assessed for the next two generations. Lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam caused 100% mortality of the parasitoid and were highly persistent, causing more than 30% mortality at 30 days after spraying. Chlorantraniliprole, chlorfluazuron, novaluron, and triflumuron did not cause significant mortality compared to the negative control, but did have transgenerational sublethal effects. The length of the tibia of the right posterior leg, used as a growth measurement, was reduced in the progeny (F generation) of exposed female parasitoids. In addition, chlorantraniliprole increased and chlorfluazuron reduced the proportion of females in the F generation, whereas novaluron reduced the proportion of females in the F generation. Overall, only tebufenozide was considered harmless to C. flavipes. The results of this study suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam are harmful to C. flavipes, although field studies are needed to obtain results for actual sugarcane crops.
内寄生蜂 Cotesia flavipes（卡梅隆）（膜翅目：Braconidae）被大量释放到巴西甘蔗种植园中，以控制甘蔗螟虫 Diatraea saccharalis（Fabricius）和 Diatraea flavipennella（Box）（鳞翅目：Crambidae）。在这些释放的同时，还使用了几种合成杀虫剂来控制这些害虫的幼虫。我们评估了这七种杀虫剂对 C. flavipes 的致死和代际亚致死作用。叶盘以氯虫苯甲酰胺、氯氟氰菊酯+氯虫苯甲酰胺、氯氟脲、三氟苯脲、氯氟氰菊酯+噻虫嗪、抑食肼和诺威隆的最高田间浓度喷雾。使用蒸馏水作为阴性对照。新羽化的雌蜂（24 小时龄）被放置在含有处理过的叶子的培养皿中，评估了下一代和第二代的致死和代际亚致死作用。氯氟氰菊酯+氯虫苯甲酰胺和氯氟氰菊酯+噻虫嗪导致寄生蜂 100%死亡，且具有高持久性，施药后 30 天死亡率超过 30%。与阴性对照相比，氯虫苯甲酰胺、氯氟脲、诺威隆和三氟苯脲并未导致显著的死亡率，但确实具有代际亚致死作用。暴露于雌性寄生蜂的后代（F 代）中，右后肢胫骨的长度（用作生长测量）缩短。此外，氯虫苯甲酰胺增加了 F 代中雌蜂的比例，而氯氟脲降低了 F 代中雌蜂的比例，而诺威隆降低了 F 代中雌蜂的比例。总体而言，只有抑食肼被认为对 C. flavipes 无害。这项研究的结果表明，氯氟氰菊酯+氯虫苯甲酰胺和氯氟氰菊酯+噻虫嗪对 C. flavipes 有害，尽管需要田间研究来获得实际甘蔗作物的结果。
