Scoutt Leslie M, Gunabushanam Gowthaman
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520-8042, USA.
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520-8042, USA.
Radiol Clin North Am. 2019 May;57(3):501-518. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2019.01.008. Epub 2019 Feb 22.
Doppler ultrasound (US) is the primary noninvasive imaging modality for detecting, grading, and monitoring extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, which is a well-established surrogate marker for stroke risk. In addition, Doppler US is the primary imaging modality for surveillance of patients following carotid intervention with endarterectomy or stent placement. This article reviews the pathophysiology and epidemiology of stroke, technique for performing a carotid US examination, normal findings, and diagnostic US criteria for evaluating carotid plaque, grading stenosis in the native ICA and following intervention, as well as waveform analysis of the carotid arteries.
多普勒超声（US）是检测、分级和监测颅外颈内动脉（ICA）狭窄的主要非侵入性成像方式，ICA狭窄是公认的中风风险替代标志物。此外，多普勒超声是对接受颈动脉内膜切除术或支架置入术干预的患者进行监测的主要成像方式。本文综述了中风的病理生理学和流行病学、颈动脉超声检查技术、正常表现、评估颈动脉斑块的诊断超声标准、评估天然ICA狭窄程度及干预后的狭窄程度，以及颈动脉波形分析。
