University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, 501 90 Borås, Sweden.
Sex Reprod Healthc. 2019 Mar;19:88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.srhc.2019.01.005. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
Mothers who have negative breastfeeding experiences due to initial breastfeeding difficulties are in demanding existential situations. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to identify and address such breastfeeding problems. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument designed to assess existential aspects of mothers' initial breastfeeding difficulties and evaluate its psychometric properties.
This study reports on the development of a new instrument and was carried out in three steps: (1) a questionnaire about various existential aspects of initial breastfeeding difficulties, based on 66 items derived from two phenomenological studies, was developed; (2) information was collected using the questionnaire; (3) and the resulting data were statistically analysed. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess comparative validity; exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring and varimax rotation were used to assess construct validity; and Cronbach's alfa was used to assess internal consistency and reliability. Three hundred and nine Swedish-speaking mothers aged 20-46 participated in the study.
Correlation and factor analysis of the 66 items revealed that 16 of the items were of psychometric value and valid. Factor analysis generated three factors that accounted for 62.9% of the total variance: Mother-Child Interdependency, Exposure and Vulnerability and Security and Trust. The instrument shows adequate sensitivity to identify existential aspects of mothers' initial breastfeeding difficulties.
The instrument satisfactorily assesses existential aspects of initial breastfeeding difficulties and can be used as a sensitive tool by healthcare professionals to screen for and identify mothers who have negative breastfeeding experiences.
由于最初的母乳喂养困难而有负面母乳喂养经历的母亲处于需求存在的情况下。因此，医疗保健专业人员识别和解决这些母乳喂养问题非常重要。本研究的目的是开发一种用于评估母亲最初母乳喂养困难的存在方面的工具，并评估其心理测量特性。
本研究报告了一种新工具的开发，该工具分三个步骤进行：（1）根据源自两项现象学研究的 66 个项目，开发了一个关于初始母乳喂养困难的各种存在方面的问卷；（2）使用问卷收集信息；（3）并对所得数据进行统计分析。采用 Spearman 相关系数评估比较有效性；采用主轴因子分析和方差极大旋转的探索性因子分析评估结构有效性；采用 Cronbach's alfa 评估内部一致性和可靠性。309 名年龄在 20-46 岁的讲瑞典语的母亲参加了这项研究。
对 66 个项目的相关性和因子分析表明，其中 16 个项目具有心理测量价值和有效性。因子分析产生了三个因子，占总方差的 62.9%：母婴相互依存、暴露和脆弱性以及安全和信任。该工具显示出足够的敏感性，可用于识别母亲最初母乳喂养困难的存在方面。
该工具可令人满意地评估最初母乳喂养困难的存在方面，并可作为医疗保健专业人员用于筛查和识别有负面母乳喂养经历的母亲的敏感工具。
