The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA 35487.
The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA 35487.
Sleep Health. 2019 Jun;5(3):221-226. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.01.009. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
To identify factors that most saliently characterize the profile of individuals who complain of chronic insomnia, with or without quantitative sleep impairment.
Community-dwelling adults reported on their demographics and functioning via questionnaires and completed 2 weeks of sleep diaries.
Shelby County in the Memphis, TN, area.
Population-based sample, stratified by sex and age to maximally represent sleep and health across the life span.
Participants were classified into 4 groups according to whether or not they endorsed a chronic insomnia complaint and whether they demonstrated good or poor quantitative sleep on diaries. Discriminant analysis determined which of the following variables significantly maximized spread among the sleep groups: age, sex, race, body mass index, household education, number of medications, frequency of substance use, number of medical conditions, depression, anxiety, fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and daytime insomnia impact.
On the most powerful discriminant function, participants with more medical conditions, greater depression and anxiety, and older age were more likely to complain of chronic insomnia than to not complain and, within these levels, to have poor rather than good quantitative sleep. A second function found African Americans particularly likely to be noncomplaining poor sleepers compared to Whites.
Findings make progress in clarifying the profile of individuals who self-identify as having chronically poor sleep. Notably, general depression and anxiety surpassed sleep-related daytime impairment measures in discriminating complaining sleepers. Negativistic self-appraisals driving diffuse psychological symptoms may thus be viable intervention targets for reducing persistent insomnia complaints independently of sleep-specific concerns.
确定最能突出有或无定量睡眠障碍的慢性失眠抱怨者特征的因素。
社区居住的成年人通过问卷报告他们的人口统计学和功能，并完成了 2 周的睡眠日记。
田纳西州孟菲斯地区谢尔比县。
基于人群的样本，按性别和年龄分层，以最大限度地代表整个生命周期的睡眠和健康。
根据是否有慢性失眠抱怨以及日记中是否有良好或不良的定量睡眠，参与者被分为 4 组。判别分析确定了以下哪些变量显著扩大了睡眠组之间的差异：年龄、性别、种族、体重指数、家庭教育程度、用药次数、物质使用频率、医疗状况数量、抑郁、焦虑、疲劳、白天嗜睡和白天失眠影响。
在最强大的判别函数上，有更多医疗状况、更严重的抑郁和焦虑以及年龄较大的参与者更有可能抱怨慢性失眠，而不是不抱怨，并且在这些水平上，他们的定量睡眠较差而不是较好。第二个功能发现，与白人相比，非裔美国人特别有可能是非抱怨性的睡眠不佳者。
这些发现有助于阐明自我识别为长期睡眠不佳的个体特征。值得注意的是，一般的抑郁和焦虑在区分抱怨性睡眠者方面超过了与睡眠相关的白天损害测量。因此，消极的自我评价可能会驱动弥散性心理症状，这可能是减少持续失眠抱怨的可行干预目标，而无需关注睡眠特异性问题。
