Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, 902-470-2638, Canada; World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning and Research, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Dalhousie University, Canada.
Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, 902-470-2638, Canada; School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Canada; Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Canada; World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization (WHO/PAHO) Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning and Research, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS, Dalhousie University, Canada.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2019 Jun;94:60-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.03.011. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
To identify and map existing postnatal educational interventions targeting parents in low and middle-income countries. A secondary objective is to conduct a critical analysis of the strengths and limitations of the educational strategies used for parent-targeted postnatal education. Design & data sources: Using scoping review methodology, MedLine, CINAHL, and SCOPUS were searched in October 2017.
All studies published after 2000 reporting on educational interventions that targeted parents from the period of birth to 6 weeks postnatally in low and middle-income countries were included. Studies were excluded if they targeted healthcare professionals or were community interventions that spanned antenatal to postnatal care. Title, abstract and full-text screening was conducted by two reviewers.
We initially identified 9284 articles with 77 articles included after title, abstract and full-text screening. Most of the studies were quantitative (94%) with over half published after 2014. Most studies (61%) targeted a single newborn care education intervention, of which 75% targeted breastfeeding. Interventions used on average three different methods of implementation (e.g., verbal, written information, counselling). Interventions were provided in the hospital (76%), at home (23%), at a clinic/hospital (8%), and/or virtually through an eHealth intervention, including phone or text messages (12%). Maternal outcomes primarily included knowledge, self-efficacy, anxiety and stress while newborn outcomes primarily included exclusive breastfeeding, weight gain at follow-up, and morbidities. Positive changes were found to occur for reported maternal outcomes (89%) and newborn outcomes (56%).
Parent-targeted education varied in terms of educational topics covered, method and location of intervention, and outcomes examined. While the best strategies of implementing postnatal education interventions to parents in low and middle-income countries is yet to be determined, evidence suggests that current interventions had a positive impact on parents' outcomes using a combined approach. Further work is needed to evaluate the impact on newborn outcomes and to identify the most effective methods and timing of the interventions.
确定并绘制现有的针对中低收入国家父母的产后教育干预措施。次要目标是对针对父母的产后教育所使用的教育策略的优缺点进行批判性分析。
使用范围审查方法，于 2017 年 10 月在 MedLine、CINAHL 和 SCOPUS 上进行了搜索。
纳入了所有发表于 2000 年后的、针对中低收入国家出生至产后 6 周父母的教育干预措施的研究。如果研究对象是医疗保健专业人员或社区干预措施且涵盖了产前至产后护理，则将其排除在外。由两名评审员对标题、摘要和全文进行筛选。
我们最初确定了 9284 篇文章，经过标题、摘要和全文筛选后，有 77 篇文章入选。大多数研究为定量研究（94%），其中超过一半的研究发表于 2014 年之后。大多数研究（61%）针对单一的新生儿护理教育干预措施，其中 75%针对母乳喂养。干预措施平均使用了三种不同的实施方法（例如口头、书面信息、咨询）。干预措施在医院（76%）、家中（23%）、诊所/医院（8%）进行，或以电子健康干预措施的形式（包括电话或短信）提供（12%）。母亲的结果主要包括知识、自我效能、焦虑和压力，而新生儿的结果主要包括纯母乳喂养、随访时的体重增加和发病。报告的母亲结果（89%）和新生儿结果（56%）均有积极变化。
针对父母的教育干预措施在教育主题、干预方法和地点以及所检查的结果方面存在差异。虽然在中低收入国家向父母实施产后教育干预措施的最佳策略尚未确定，但有证据表明，目前的干预措施通过综合方法对父母的结果产生了积极影响。需要进一步研究来评估对新生儿结果的影响，并确定干预措施最有效的方法和时间。
