University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California (J.D., G.P., T.L.F.).
Ann Intern Med. 2019 Apr 2;170(7):ITC49-ITC64. doi: 10.7326/AITC201904020.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common and disabling illness that is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Patients with GAD are at increased risk for suicide as well as cardiovascular-related events and death. Most patients can be diagnosed and managed by primary care physicians. Symptoms include chronic, pervasive anxiety and worry accompanied by nonspecific physical and psychological symptoms (restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, or sleep disturbances). Effective treatments include psychotherapy (often cognitive behavioral therapy) and pharmacotherapy, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.
广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)是一种常见且使人丧失能力的疾病,常常被漏诊和治疗不足。患有 GAD 的患者自杀以及发生心血管相关事件和死亡的风险增加。大多数患者可由初级保健医生进行诊断和管理。症状包括慢性、弥漫性焦虑和担忧,伴有非特异性的躯体和心理症状(不安、疲劳、难以集中注意力、易怒、肌肉紧张或睡眠障碍)。有效的治疗方法包括心理治疗(通常是认知行为疗法)和药物治疗,如选择性 5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和 5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂。