State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin 150090, China.
Harbin Institute of Technology Environment Group CO., LTD, Harbin 150028, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Mar 30;16(7):1151. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16071151.
Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) not only have the potential to replace cement applications in architecture and civil engineering, but also have an excellent effect on the stabilization solidification of hazardous industrial wastes. This study used two types of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA)-grate firing fly ash (GFFA) and fluidized bed fly ash (FBFA)-as AAMs brick raw materials. It is discovered from this study that AAMs bricks with different weight ratios of GFFA and FBFA can both meet the required standard of GB21144-2007 (Solid concrete brick). From the results obtained from the four leaching tests, the equilibrium pH of the leachate varies, resulting in significant differences in the leaching of heavy metals in Raw GFFA, Raw FBFA, and AAMs bricks with GFFA and FBFA. The AAMs brick with the addition of GFFA and FBFA has an alkali activation system to encapsulate heavy metals. By comparing the results obtained from the CEN/TS 14429 leaching behavior test and the four batch leaching tests, it was found that the most influential factors for the heavy metal leaching concentration are whether the heavy metal has been solidified/stabilized in the samples. GFFA and FBFA tend to have consistent characteristics after being activated by alkali to form AAMs bricks. This can be confirmed by the acid neutralization ability concentrated on a specific pH range. The results obtained from CEN/TS14429 verified that the AAMs bricks with the addition of GFFA and FBFA have excellent environmental compatibility and that it provides a comprehensive evaluation on the environmental compatibility of the test materials and products. This demonstrated that the MSWI-FA is suitable for used as alkali-activated materials and its products have the potential to be commercially used in the future.
碱激发材料（AAMs）不仅具有在建筑和土木工程中替代水泥应用的潜力，而且对危险工业废物的稳定固化也具有极好的效果。本研究使用了两种类型的城市固体废物焚烧飞灰（MSWI-FA）-炉排炉飞灰（GFFA）和流化床飞灰（FBFA）-作为 AAMs 砖的原料。研究发现，不同重量比的 GFFA 和 FBFA 的 AAMs 砖均可满足 GB21144-2007（实心混凝土砖）的要求标准。从四种浸出试验的结果来看，浸出液的平衡 pH 值各不相同，导致 Raw GFFA、Raw FBFA 和添加 GFFA 和 FBFA 的 AAMs 砖中重金属的浸出有显著差异。添加 GFFA 和 FBFA 的 AAMs 砖具有碱激活体系来包裹重金属。通过比较 CEN/TS14429 浸出行为试验和四个批次浸出试验的结果，发现影响重金属浸出浓度的最主要因素是样品中重金属是否已被固化/稳定化。GFFA 和 FBFA 在被碱激活形成 AAMs 砖后往往具有一致的特性。这可以通过集中在特定 pH 范围内的酸中和能力得到证实。CEN/TS14429 的结果验证了添加 GFFA 和 FBFA 的 AAMs 砖具有优异的环境相容性，为测试材料和产品的环境相容性提供了全面的评价。这表明 MSWI-FA 适合用作碱激活材料，其产品具有未来商业化应用的潜力。
