Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA.
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Aug;92:122-125. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.011. Epub 2019 Apr 3.
Tropisms are directed growth-mediated plant movements which allow plants to respond to their environment. Gravitropism is the ability of plants to perceive and respond to the gravity vector and orient themselves accordingly. The gravitropic pathway can be divided into three main components: perception, biochemical signaling, and differential growth. Perception of the gravity signal occurs through the movement/sedimentation of starch-filled plastids (termed statoliths) in gravity sensing cells. Once perceived, proteins interact with the settling statoliths to set a cascade of plant hormones to the elongation zones in the roots or shoots. Plant growth regulators that play a role in gravitropism include auxin, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, among others. Differential growth on opposing sides of the root or shoot allow for the plant to grow relative to the direction of the perceived gravity vector. In this review, we detail how plants perceive gravity and respond biochemically in response to gravity as well as synthesize the recent literature on this important topic in plant biology. Keywords: auxin, gravitropism, gravity perception, plant growth regulators, space biology, statolith.
向性是一种由生长介导的植物运动，使植物能够对环境做出反应。向地性是植物感知和响应重力矢量并相应地定向的能力。向地性途径可以分为三个主要组成部分：感知、生化信号和差异生长。通过在重力感应细胞中充满淀粉的质体（称为平衡石）的运动/沉降来感知重力信号。一旦感知到，蛋白质就会与沉降的平衡石相互作用，向根或茎的伸长区传递一系列植物激素。在向地性中起作用的植物生长调节剂包括生长素、乙烯、赤霉素、茉莉酸等。根或茎相对侧的差异生长使植物能够相对于感知到的重力矢量生长。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了植物如何感知重力以及如何对重力做出生化响应，并综合了植物生物学中这一重要主题的最新文献。关键词：生长素、向地性、重力感知、植物生长调节剂、空间生物学、平衡石。
