“Sparkle”不仅仅是表面所见：先天性盲人和视力正常人群对视觉和光动词的认识。
There's more to "sparkle" than meets the eye: Knowledge of vision and light verbs among congenitally blind and sighted individuals.
机构信息
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Johns Hopkins University, United States.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States.
出版信息
Cognition. 2019 Aug;189:105-115. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.03.017. Epub 2019 Mar 30.
We examined the contribution of first-person sensory experience to concepts by comparing the meanings of perception (visual/tactile) and emission (light/sound) verbs among congenitally blind (N = 25) and sighted speakers (N = 22). Participants judged semantic similarity for pairs of verbs referring to events of visual (e.g. to peek), tactile (e.g. to feel) and amodal perception (e.g. to perceive) as well as light (e.g. to shimmer) and sound (e.g. to boom) emission and manner of motion (to roll) (total word pairs, N = 2041). Relative to the sighted, blind speakers had higher agreement among themselves on touch perception and sound emission verbs. However, for visual verbs, the judgments of blind and sighted participants were indistinguishable, both in the semantic criteria used and subject-wise variability. Blind and sighted individuals alike differentiate visual perception verbs from verbs of touch and amodal perception and differentiate among acts of visual perception e.g. intense/continuous from brief acts of looking (e.g. peek vs. stare). Light emission verbs are differentiated according to intensity (blaze vs. glow) and stability (blaze vs. flash). Thus detailed knowledge of visual word meanings is acquired without first-person sensory access.
我们通过比较先天性盲人和视力正常者对视觉（如 peek）、触觉（如 feel）和知觉（如 perceive）动词以及光（如 shimmer）和声（如 boom）发射动词和运动方式（如 roll）的感知和发射动词的含义，研究了第一人称感官体验对概念的贡献（共 25 名先天性盲人，22 名视力正常者）。参与者判断视觉（如 peek）、触觉（如 feel）和知觉（如 perceive）、光（如 shimmer）和声（如 boom）发射以及运动方式（如 roll）等事件的动词对语义相似性（动词对共 2041 对）。与视力正常者相比，盲语者在触觉感知和声音发射动词上的自我认同度更高。然而，对于视觉动词，盲人和视力正常参与者的判断在使用的语义标准和个体差异方面没有区别。盲人和视力正常的个体都能将视觉感知动词与触觉和知觉动词区分开来，并能将视觉感知行为（如连续感知）与短暂的观察行为（如 peek 与 stare）区分开来。光发射动词根据强度（如 blaze 与 glow）和稳定性（如 blaze 与 flash）进行区分。因此，即使没有第一人称感官体验，也能获得对视觉词汇含义的详细了解。
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