Babb Angela M, Wasserman Julie K, Knudsen Daniel C, Lalevich Steven T
a Department of Geography , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN , USA.
b Indiana University Health Center , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN , USA.
Ecol Food Nutr. 2019 May-Jun;58(3):236-246. doi: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1598978. Epub 2019 Apr 2.
The Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) determines the maximum allotment of nutrition assistance for over forty million Americans participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). This research recalculates the official TFP allocations using a more straightforward model that minimizes cost subject to nutrient constraints to establish a baseline for adult females and males. We then examine three additional diet plans to evaluate their feasibility under the current SNAP benefit allotment: a diet for lactose intolerance, for persons with type 2 diabetes, and a diet for pregnant women. The first model calculates a diet plan that contains no fluid milk, taking into account that 1 in 4 Americans is lactose intolerant. The second model calculates a diet plan that is lower in carbohydrates (grains and fruits comprise less than 45% of calories), reflecting a recommended diet for a person with type 2 diabetes, approximately 10% of the U.S. population. The third model includes the Institute of Medicine's recommended diet for pregnancy. In each case, total daily cost per individual and allocation across food groups were compared. Our Lactose Intolerance, Type 2 Diabetes, and Pregnancy model for 20-50 year old females all return minimum food costs above the TFP budget allocation. This research demonstrates how the TFP provides an unrealistic assessment of need among 20-50 year old females with relatively common dietary needs. Results indicate that equalizing the TFP budget allocations between men and women would better accommodate the heterogeneous needs of America's poorest individuals.
节俭食品计划（TFP）确定了参与补充营养援助计划（SNAP）的四千多万美国人的营养援助最高配给量。本研究使用一个更直接的模型重新计算了官方的TFP配给量，该模型在营养限制条件下将成本降至最低，从而为成年女性和男性建立了一个基线。然后，我们研究了另外三种饮食计划，以评估它们在当前SNAP福利配给下的可行性：一种针对乳糖不耐受者的饮食、一种针对2型糖尿病患者的饮食以及一种针对孕妇的饮食。第一个模型计算出一个不包含液态奶的饮食计划，因为考虑到四分之一的美国人乳糖不耐受。第二个模型计算出一个碳水化合物含量较低（谷物和水果占热量的比例不到45%）的饮食计划，这反映了为2型糖尿病患者推荐的饮食，2型糖尿病患者约占美国人口的10%。第三个模型纳入了医学研究所推荐的孕期饮食。在每种情况下，都比较了个人每日的总成本以及各食物组的配给量。我们针对20至50岁女性的乳糖不耐受、2型糖尿病和孕期模型得出的最低食品成本均高于TFP预算配给量。这项研究表明，TFP对有相对常见饮食需求的20至50岁女性的需求评估是不现实的。结果表明，在男女之间均衡TFP预算配给量将能更好地满足美国最贫困人群的多样化需求。
